Clinical Flashcards
what investigation must always be carried out if there is a suspected intra-ocular foreign body?
X ray
which is better for the eye- acid or alkali burn? (and explain)
acid burn because it coagulates causing little penetration
whereas alkali penetrates the intra-ocular structures
what is the management of chemical injury?
immediate irrigate with minimum 2l of saline or until the pH is normal
what are the 3 Cs of describing the optic disc?
Contour
Colour
Cup
What is the colour of a healthy optic disc?
pinky orange with white centre
where is the optic disc thickest?
Inferior then Superior then Nasal then Temporal (ISN'T rule)
what happens to the cup when you have a swollen optic nerve?
the cup gets smaller
what is optic disc drusen?
bits of calcium stuck to the nerve
what can be seen when looking through an ophthalmoscope of a patient with optic disc drusen?
contour of optic disc is poorly defined
disc looks lumpy
what may happen to the blind spot of a patient with optic disc drusen?
enlarged blind spot
What tests allow you to examine the function of the optic nerve?
visual field test
tvisual acuity test
colour vision test
pupillary reflex
which retina is responsible for the nasal field?
temporal retina
which retina is responsible for the temporal field?
nasal retina
where is the lesion causing a uniocular defect?
before the optic chiasm
where is the lesion causing a homonomous hemianopia
after the optic chiasm
where is the lesion causing a bitemporal hemianopia?
the optic chiasm
what is quadrantanopia?
when a specific quadrant of the visual field of an eye is not seen
compare homonomous hemianopia to bitemporal hemianopia?
in both half the visual field is lost
homonomous: the lost side is on the same side of both eyes
bitemporal: the lost side is on the temporal side of both eyes (opposite sides)
what kind of molecular weight drugs are able to penetrate the cornea?
low molecular weight drugs
compare the stroma and epithelium in terms of what drugs (lipid vs water soluble) can readily penetrate it?
lipid soluble drugs penetrate epithelium
water soluble drugs penetrate stroma
what can ocular inflammation do to the hydrophobic nature of the endothelium?
makes it more hydrophilic
compare prednisolone acetate and prednisolone phosphate in terms of penetration of uninflamed cornea?
prednisolone acetate has a much better penetration of the cornea
when is prednisolone acetate generally used?
post operatively
when is prednisolone phosphate generally used?
cornea disease
when low dose steroids are required