Basic Science

Question 1

what is the only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage?

Answer 1

conjunctiva

Question 2

what is sympathetic ophthalmia?

Answer 2

bilateral, granulomatous uveitis

Question 3

what are the causes of sypathetic ophthalmia?

Answer 3

unilateral trauma or surgery

Question 4

what are the 3 main functions of the cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 4

• mechanical protection
• body homeostasis
• circulation

Question 5

what cells produce cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 5

secretory epithelium of the choroid plexus

Question 6

what is hydrocephalus?

Answer 6

accumulation of CSF in the ventricular system or around the brain

Question 7

what is papilloedema?

Answer 7

swelling of the optic disc due to increased inctracranial pressure

Question 8

what are the visual symptoms of papilloedema?

Answer 8

enlarged blind spot
blurring of vision
loss of vision

Question 9

what is conjunctivitis?

Answer 9

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Question 10

what is keratitis?

Answer 10

inflammation of the cornea

Question 11

what is endophthalmitis?

Answer 11

inflammation of the entire globe

Question 12

what are the 3 main causes of neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 12

staph aureus
neisseria gonorrhoeae
chlamydia trachomatis

Question 13

how does a neonate acquire neonatal conjunctivitis?

Answer 13

caught the organism as they have come down the birth canal

Question 14

what are the 3 main causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 14

staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae

Question 15

what is the usual treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 15

topical chloramphenical QDS

Question 16

what ganglion does herpes zoster remain within?

Answer 16

trigeminal nerve

Question 17

what causes a dendritic ulcer?

Answer 17

herpetic keratitis (HSV)

Question 18

why must you never treat herpetic kertatitis with steroids?

Answer 18

can cause corneal melt and perforation

Question 19

where does orbital cellulitis usually spread from?

Answer 19

the sinuses

Question 20

compare chloramphenical in terms of what it does to strep, haemophilus and staph?

Answer 20

strep and haemophilus: bacteriocidal

staph: bacteriostatic

Question 21

how does chloamphenical work?

Answer 21

inhibits peptidyl transferase and so stops bacterial protein being made

Question 22

what is dacrocystitis?

Answer 22

infection of stagnant tears

Question 23

what can be used for the treatment of herpetic keratitis?

Answer 23

aciclovir