Clinical

Question 1

Alpha and beta rhythm in a EEG in indicative of what functions?

Answer 1

Background for normal awake adult.
Alpha 8-13Hz
Beta 12Hz

Question 2

Theta rhythm in an EEG is indicative of what functions?

Answer 2

Drowsiness
4-7Hz

Both theta and delta rhythum can indicate a lesion if found in only one location-focal, or If diffuse can indicate global disturbance.

Question 3

Delta rhythm in an EEG is troubling when?

Answer 3

Found in an awake patient, as it is normal for deep sleep

Question 4

What are some activators or epileptic activity?

Answer 4

Sleep deprivation, flashing lights, hyperventilation

Question 5

Why do we use EEG?

Answer 5

To diagnose and localize seizure activity such as: focal lesions and hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy

Question 6

What’s an epileptic spike on EEG?

Answer 6

Abnormal finding indicative of paroxysmal potential with sharp contour. I assume this is the paroxysmal depolarization wave Dr. Pong lectured about.

Question 7

What are some limitations to EEG?

Answer 7

Does not assess the entire brain-only cortex and thalamic function

Question 8

As you’re sitting with your patient you notice them twitch a few times and then at one point they stare at you blankly for about 20 sec and then resume speaking with you. The happened while they were preparing for a sleep study and their EEG indicated a seizure. Your observation of the muscle twitching makes you think this isn’t a typical absence seizure, but what else might it be?

A) Status epilepticus
B) non-convulsive status epilepticus
C) Myoclonic jerk
D) Clonic seizure

Answer 8

B non convulsive SE also very serious and should be treated the same as SE. Medical emergency.

Question 9

Why is over treatment with anticonvulsants potentially dangerous?

Answer 9

Respiratory depression and hypotension

Question 10

Which of the following is consistent with epilepsy?

A) provoked seizure
B) Isolated seizure
C) unprovoked isolated seizure
D) unprovoked recurrent seizure

Answer 10

D

Not all seizures are epilepsy

Question 11

What percentage of epileptic seizures are idiopathic?

Answer 11

50-60%

3 most common, but most serious neurologic disorder

Question 12

What are some risk factors for epilepsy?

Answer 12

First seizure prior to 16 y/o
seizure during sleep
neurological defects
sibling with epilepsy-concordance 
Difficult delivery for mother

Question 13

What are some of the manifestations of a complex partial seizure with secondary generalization? This is almost identical to a generalize tonic-clonic seizure except for the onset is focal then general.

Answer 13

Tonic-clonic-tonic
incontinence, postictal state
Todds postictal hemiparalysis suggest location
Loss of consciousness

Question 14

What would you call a generalized tonic-clonic seizure in the past? What about a absence non-convulsive generalized seizure?

Answer 14

Grand mal

Petit Mal

Question 15

Which seizure had the classic 3Hz spike/wave?

Answer 15

absence

Question 16

What type of seizure involves a sudden loss of muscle control, falling to the floor and comes with no aura and lasts only seconds?

Answer 16

Atonic

Question 17

What is west syndrome?

Answer 17

Infantile spasms

Question 18

When does one typically present with Lennonx-Gastaut syndrome?

Answer 18

childhood cryptogenic-symptoms but no cause known

Question 19

What type of epilepsy can be provoked by external stimulus and lead to hippocampal sclerosis?

Answer 19

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Question 20

What’s the ideal for anticonvulsant therapy?

Answer 20

monotherapy