Clinical

Question 0

Psychoanalytic theory states at anxiety arises from:

Answer 0

A failure of defenses to modulate excitation adequately

Question 1

Thorndikes Law of Effect

Answer 1

A reward tends to inc the probability of recurrence of the response that it follows

Question 2

In classical psychoanalytic theory, a maladaptive behavior that emerges as a comprise between an unconscious impulse and the resulting defense process is called:

Answer 2

A symptom

Question 3

The dx of Alzheimer’s disease can be most accurately verified by:

Answer 3

A CT or MRI scan showing cerebral atrophy

Question 4

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

.

Question 5

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 5

.

Question 6

Conditioned response

Answer 6

.

Question 7

Unconditioned response

Answer 7

.

Question 8

The most dangerous physiological complication of Bulimia Nervosa is:

Answer 8

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

.

Question 10

Accommodation

Answer 10

.

Question 11

The relationship between cancer and psychological factors

Answer 11

Psychological factors are not related to the onset of cancer but is related to recovery

Question 12

Reactive attachment disorder, inhibited type involves

Answer 12

Occurs in children younger than 5, and us characterized by disturbed social relatedness. Inhibited type involves inhibition, Hyper vigilance, and ambivalent responses I social situations.

Dis inhibited type involves indiscriminate attachment, and sociability

Question 13

Adler’s Individual Psychology (teleological approach, style of life)

Answer 13

Stresses the unity of the individual and the belief that behavior is purposeful and goal directed.

Key concepts: inferiority feelings, striving for superiority, and style of life (which unifies the various aspects of an individual’s personality)

Maladaptive behavior represents a mistake. Style of life that reflects inadequate social interest

Regards behavior as being largely motivated by future goals rather than past events

Question 14

The goal of Alloplastic intervention

Answer 14

To make changes in the environment so it better accommodates the individual

Question 15

The goal of auto plastic intervention

Answer 15

To change the individual so they function better in their environment

Question 16

Black racial identity developmental model

Answer 16

Cross,s model consists of 4 stages:

Pre-encounter: race and racial id entity have low salience
Encounter: the person has a greater racial/cultural awareness and is interested in developing a black identity
Immersion/emersion: race and racial identity have high salience and ther person moves from intense Black involvement (immersion) to strong anti-White attitudes (emersion)
Internalization: race continues to have high salience and the person adopts an Afrocentric, bicultural, or multicultural orientation

Question 17

Cultural competence

Answer 17

Sue and Sue- involves 3 competences: awareness of cultural assumptions, values, and beliefs; knowledge about the worldviews of culturally diverse clients; and skills that enable them to provide interventions that are appropriate and effective for culturally different clients

Question 18

Cybernetics (positive and negative feedback loops)

Answer 18

Cybernetics are concerned with communication processes and distinguishes between neg and pos feedback loops.

A negative feedback loop reduces deviation and helps a system maintain the status quo

A positive feedback loop amplifies deviation or change and thereby disrupts the system

Question 19

Diagnostic overshadowing

Answer 19

Originally used to describe the tendency of health professionals to attribute all behavioral, social, and emotional problems to mental retardation and individuals with this diagnosis. Subsequent research found that diagnostic overshadowing also applies to other diagnoses and situations

Question 20

Double-bind communication

Answer 20

An etiological factors for schizophrenia and involves conflicting negative injunctions-example: “do that and you’ll be punished” and “don’t do that and you’ll be punished”-with one injunction often being expressed verbally and the other nonverbally.

In addition, the recipients of the contradictory injunctions is not allowed to comment on them or seek help from someone else.

Question 21

Efficacy versus effectiveness research

Answer 21

An ongoing debate on psychotherapy outcome research is over the best way to evaluate the effects of psychotherapy. On one side of the argument are experts who support efficacy studies (clinical trials); on the other are those who prefer effectiveness studies, which are correlational or quasiexperimental in nature

Question 22

For a dx of intellectual disability, three criteria must be met:

Answer 22

1) deficits and intellectual functions that are confirmed by a clinical assessments and individualized, standardized intelligence testing;
2) deficits in adaptive functioning that result in a failure to meet community standards of personal independence and social responsibility and impair functioning across multiple environments and one or more activities of daily life
3) The onset of intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits during the developmental period

Question 23

Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)

Answer 23

Characterized by a disturbance in normal fluency and time pattering of speech that is inappropriate for the person’s age and involves sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, broken words, word substitutions to avoid couple some words, and or monosyllablic whole-word repetitions

Question 24

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 24

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and the development, maintenance, and understanding

Question 25

Structured learning therapy (slt)

Answer 25

Incorporates social skills training, an early approach to the treatment of depression, along with modeling, role-playing, skill instruction, and performance appraisal

Question 26

Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 26

.