Clinical Flashcards
Psychoanalytic theory states at anxiety arises from:
A failure of defenses to modulate excitation adequately
Thorndikes Law of Effect
A reward tends to inc the probability of recurrence of the response that it follows
In classical psychoanalytic theory, a maladaptive behavior that emerges as a comprise between an unconscious impulse and the resulting defense process is called:
A symptom
The dx of Alzheimer’s disease can be most accurately verified by:
A CT or MRI scan showing cerebral atrophy
Conditioned stimulus
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Unconditioned stimulus
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Conditioned response
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Unconditioned response
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The most dangerous physiological complication of Bulimia Nervosa is:
Electrolyte imbalance
Assimilation
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Accommodation
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The relationship between cancer and psychological factors
Psychological factors are not related to the onset of cancer but is related to recovery
Reactive attachment disorder, inhibited type involves
Occurs in children younger than 5, and us characterized by disturbed social relatedness. Inhibited type involves inhibition, Hyper vigilance, and ambivalent responses I social situations.
Dis inhibited type involves indiscriminate attachment, and sociability
Adler’s Individual Psychology (teleological approach, style of life)
Stresses the unity of the individual and the belief that behavior is purposeful and goal directed.
Key concepts: inferiority feelings, striving for superiority, and style of life (which unifies the various aspects of an individual’s personality)
Maladaptive behavior represents a mistake. Style of life that reflects inadequate social interest
Regards behavior as being largely motivated by future goals rather than past events
The goal of Alloplastic intervention
To make changes in the environment so it better accommodates the individual
The goal of auto plastic intervention
To change the individual so they function better in their environment
Black racial identity developmental model
Cross,s model consists of 4 stages:
Pre-encounter: race and racial id entity have low salience
Encounter: the person has a greater racial/cultural awareness and is interested in developing a black identity
Immersion/emersion: race and racial identity have high salience and ther person moves from intense Black involvement (immersion) to strong anti-White attitudes (emersion)
Internalization: race continues to have high salience and the person adopts an Afrocentric, bicultural, or multicultural orientation
Cultural competence
Sue and Sue- involves 3 competences: awareness of cultural assumptions, values, and beliefs; knowledge about the worldviews of culturally diverse clients; and skills that enable them to provide interventions that are appropriate and effective for culturally different clients
Cybernetics (positive and negative feedback loops)
Cybernetics are concerned with communication processes and distinguishes between neg and pos feedback loops.
A negative feedback loop reduces deviation and helps a system maintain the status quo
A positive feedback loop amplifies deviation or change and thereby disrupts the system
Diagnostic overshadowing
Originally used to describe the tendency of health professionals to attribute all behavioral, social, and emotional problems to mental retardation and individuals with this diagnosis. Subsequent research found that diagnostic overshadowing also applies to other diagnoses and situations
Double-bind communication
An etiological factors for schizophrenia and involves conflicting negative injunctions-example: “do that and you’ll be punished” and “don’t do that and you’ll be punished”-with one injunction often being expressed verbally and the other nonverbally.
In addition, the recipients of the contradictory injunctions is not allowed to comment on them or seek help from someone else.
Efficacy versus effectiveness research
An ongoing debate on psychotherapy outcome research is over the best way to evaluate the effects of psychotherapy. On one side of the argument are experts who support efficacy studies (clinical trials); on the other are those who prefer effectiveness studies, which are correlational or quasiexperimental in nature
For a dx of intellectual disability, three criteria must be met:
1) deficits and intellectual functions that are confirmed by a clinical assessments and individualized, standardized intelligence testing;
2) deficits in adaptive functioning that result in a failure to meet community standards of personal independence and social responsibility and impair functioning across multiple environments and one or more activities of daily life
3) The onset of intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits during the developmental period
Childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering)
Characterized by a disturbance in normal fluency and time pattering of speech that is inappropriate for the person’s age and involves sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, broken words, word substitutions to avoid couple some words, and or monosyllablic whole-word repetitions
Autism spectrum disorder
Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, and the development, maintenance, and understanding
Structured learning therapy (slt)
Incorporates social skills training, an early approach to the treatment of depression, along with modeling, role-playing, skill instruction, and performance appraisal
Schizotypal personality disorder
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