Clinical 2 Flashcards by Rodolfo Alcaraz

Rancho scale of cognitive functioning measures:

brain functioning and brain injury

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Stevens Law

The magnitude of perceived physical stimulus

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MBCT Decentering

Disengaging and accepting negative thoughts and feelings associated with depression

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According to Alfred Adler, a mistaken (unhealthy) style of life is characterized by:

excessive self-interest.

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Primary interventions

Primary preventions target groups of people who have not yet developed an undesirable behavior or condition (e.g., stress related to having a first child)

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According to the DSM-5-TR, just under _____ of women experience a major depressive episode between birth of their offspring and 12 months postpartum.

7 %

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prototype/willingness mode

a person’s willingness to engage in a behavior depends on the person’s perceived acceptability of the behavior which, in turn, is determined by the person’s prototype (social ima

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The presence of which of the following would be least useful for confirming a DSM diagnosis of binge-eating disorder?

overvaluation of body weight and shape

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The research suggests that combining motivational interviewing with CBT when treating generalized anxiety disorder

is more effective for reducing worry than is providing CBT alone, especially for individuals who initially have high worry severity.

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Which aspect of an item characteristic curve (ICC) indicates the probability of choosing the correct answer to the item by guessing alone?

the point at which the curve intercepts the y-axis

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Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model distinguishes between four levels of training program

reaction, learning, behavior, and results.

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acrostic

phrase or sentence consisting of familiar words is created, with each word beginning with the first letter of one of the words to be memorize

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The left hemisphere is the dominant hemisphere for language for about _____% of right-handed people and _____% of left-handed people.

95%; 70%

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Which of the following treatments for alcohol use disorder causes nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, and other unpleasant symptoms when taken in conjunction with alcohol?

disulfiram (Antabuse)

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theory of planned behavior

a person’s intention to perform a particular behavior is the best predictor of whether or not he or she will engage in the behavior.

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a person’s intention to perform a particular behavior is the best predictor of whether or not he or she will engage in the behavior.

face recognition

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A practitioner of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) would most likely identify eliminating or decreasing all of the following as the primary goals of individual therapy except:

self-triggering behaviors.

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Research investigating the effectiveness of various nonpharmacological treatments for migraine headache has found that:

temperature biofeedback plus relaxation training is more effective than either temperature biofeedback or relaxation training alone.

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The use of participant observation to study a cultural group is most associated with which of the following approaches to qualitative research

ethnography

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According to the DSM-5, the median age of onset of specific phobia is between _____ years of age.

7 and 11

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Adele Alvarez, age 23, is brought to therapy by her mother who says that Adele “has always been a little different.” Adele says that she sometimes feels like she’s detached from her body and is watching “what’s going on from some other reality.” She also tells you that, for as long as she can remember, she’s been “able to read people’s minds” and that she thinks that people try to avoid her because of this ability. Adele tells you that she doesn’t have any close friends and feels “kind of nervous” when she’s around other people. During the entire session, Adele’s mood is neutral. Of the following, the most likely diagnosis for Adele is:

schizotypal personality disorder.

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Avoidance conditioning is an example of two-factor learning and combines:

classical conditioning and negative reinforcement.

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A meta-analysis of research on sex differences in leadership style by Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt, and van Engen (2003) found that

Men tend to be more transactional than women are in terms of active and passive management by exception, while women tend to be more transformational than men are and more transactional in terms of contingent rewards.

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Bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobe produces deficits in

declarative memory.

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The medial temporal lobe includes the hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and entorhinal cortex important in

The formation of long-term declarative (semantic and episodic) memories.

Which of the following distinguishes between the anticipation and implementation phases of career decision-making?

Tiedeman’s career decision-making model

Krumboltz’s social learning theory of career decision-making

beliefs and learning experiences in the environment

Which of the following is most useful for explaining why social loafing occurs?

diffusion of responsibility

Kevin Keene, age 18, is brought to therapy by his mother who says Kevin seemed like “a regular kid” until two months ago, when he started complaining about hearing voices and seeing the ghosts of his dead grandparents. She says he has also been unable to carry on a conversation because he jumps from one topic to another and sometimes makes up words. Assuming that Kevin has never had these symptoms before and they’re not due to drug use or a medical condition, the most likely diagnosis is

schizophreniform disorder.

self-perception theory

Look to their circumstances to find an explanation.

A factor matrix indicates that one of the tests included in the factor analysis has a factor loading of .30 for Factor I. This means that ____ of variability in test scores is explained by Factor

9 %

The standard error of measurement is used to

construct a confidence interval around an examinee’s obtained score.

With regard to the transtheoretical model, self-reevaluation is most useful for helping clients transition from the:

contemplation to the preparation stage.

The best conclusion about the use of St. John’s wort as a treatment for depression is that it:

should not be taken with an SSRI because doing so can cause serotonin syndrome.

As described by Helms (1993), a person in the __________ stage of White identity development is oblivious to racial/cultural issues and has a race- or culture-neutral perspective

contact

Helms’s White racial identity development mode

contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo-independence, immersion-emersion, and autonomy. According to this model, people in the initial contact stage have little awareness of racial or cultural issues.

To determine the degree of association between age in years and reaction time in seconds, you would use which of the following correlation coefficients?

Pearson r

An infant’s babbling initially includes sounds from all languages but begins to narrow to the sounds of the infant’s native language by about ___ months of age.

9 months

Which of the following includes subtests that evaluate attention, memory, visualization, and reasoning?

Leiter-3

Hypnopompic hallucinations occur:

during the transition from sleep to wakefulness

Generalized onset seizures always

include a loss of consciousness

structural family therapist

parents avoid dealing with their own conflicts by focusing on their child and either overprotecting the child or blaming the child for their problems.

Which of the following describes ethical requirements regarding a psychologist’s use of deception in a research study?

Psychologists may use deception when it’s justified by the study’s prospective value and participants are allowed to withdraw from the study at any time.

Naltrexone is prescribed for a middle-aged patient who has just received a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. This drug will have which of the following effects?

It will reduce the patient’s craving for alcohol

Mildred Parten (1932) categorized children’s play as bein

social play includes unoccupied play, solitary play, and onlooker play, while social play includes parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play [Social participation among pre-school children

About _____ of patients with Parkinson’s disease experience depression, which

50%; has an onset prior to the development of motor symptoms for some patients

A test’s __________ refers to its ability to identify individuals who are true negatives correctly

specificity

The item discrimination index (D) ranges from:

-1.00 to +1.00

Differential reinforcement combines which of the following

positive reinforcement and operant extinction

The items selected for inclusion in the __________ assess 15 manifest needs that were identified by Henry Murray.

EPPS ; achievement, autonomy, affiliation, dominance).

McGuire’s (1973) attitude inoculation hypothesis proposes that people are less likely to be induced by a persuasive message to change their attitudes when:

they’ve heard a weak argument against their current attitude and refutations of that argument before being exposed to the persuasive message.

Your new client is Amy Anderson, age 24, who says she always experiences severe anxiety when meeting new people. For a DSM-5 diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, Amy must also exhibit which of the following?

a fear of being embarrassed or humiliated

illusory correlation

people overestimate the correlation between two variables that are unrelated or only slightly related.

For practitioners of interpersonal therapy (IPT), depression is:

a medically based condition

To determine which combination of health-related predictors (e.g., exercise, diet, stress) best predicts which combination of health-related outcomes (e.g., physical fitness, emotional adjustment, quality of life), you would use which of the following?

canonical correlation

Canonical

e appropriate multivariate technique when two or more predictors will be used to estimate status on two or more criteria.

As described by Ghahramanlou-Holloway, Neely, and Tucker (2014), a primary goal of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for preventing suicide is to:

deactivate the “suicidal mode.”

Components of a program logic model ordinarily include all of the following:

is a visual representation of a program’s components and is used to assist with the development, implementation, and evaluation of the program

Veronica Venable, a legal secretary, is convinced that one of the attorneys in the law firm that she works for is in love with her and is going to leave his wife so he can be with her. Assuming that the attorney hasn’t said or done anything to support Veronica’s belief, Veronica is exhibiting which of the following?

erotomanic delusion

Withdrawal from which of the following after heavy and prolonged use is most likely to cause seizures?

alcohol

The APA’s (2014) Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology identifies which of the following as a supervisor’s primary legal and ethical obligation?

protecting the welfare of the supervisee’s client

Which of the following neuroimaging techniques is used to study abnormalities in the brain’s white matter?

diffusion tensor imaging

Seller et al.’s (1998) multidimensional model of racial identity predicts that racial salience is affected by:

the current situation and racial centrality.

The multidimensional model of racial identity

African American identity: salience, centrality, regard, and ideology.

Research has shown that drugs that block protein synthesis while acquiring new information interfere with the formation of:

long-term memories but not short-term memories.

When using the multitrait-multimethod matrix to assess a test’s construct validity, a large heterotrait-monomethod coefficient indicates which of the following?

inadequate divergent validity

heterotrait-monomethod coefficient

When this coefficient is small, it provides evidence of the test’s divergent validity; when it’s large, it indicates that the test has inadequate divergent validit

construct validity

demonstrated when it has adequate levels of both divergent and convergent validity.

Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development views development as being:

discontinuous and active.

The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC-III) found that which of the following was the most common comorbidity among adults with antisocial personality disorder?

any substance use disorder

__________ facilitates movement by stimulating the muscles to contrac

Acetylcholine

needs analysis is also known as a needs assessment

is conducted to identify training needs. An initial step in a needs analysis is determining if employee performance problems can be resolved with training.

microassault

old-fashioned” racism and consist of “an explicit racial derogation characterized by a verbal or nonverbal attack

For most children, stranger anxiety begins at about _______ months of age

8 months

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5) provides scores on five cognitive factors. Which of the following is not one of those factors?

Abstract Reasoning

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5) provides scores on five cognitive factors.

A. Fluid Reasoning B. Knowledge C. Working Memory

Practitioners of motivational interviewing use evocative questions to:

elicit change talk.

The time-series group design is most similar to which of the following single-subject designs?

single-subject AB design

When included in an assessment center, the primary purpose of the leaderless group discussion is to:

evaluate the leadership potential of participants.

In a positively skewed distribution of scores, the __________ has the lowest value and the __________ has the highest value.

mode; mean

When administering the Rorschach, the purpose of the inquiry phase is to:

obtain the information needed to accurately code the examinee’s responses.

An overdose of morphine, heroin, or other opioid can cause respiratory failure because of its effects on which of the following?

medulla oblongata

With regard to systems theory, positive feedback is:

deviation amplifying.

The central limit theorem predicts that, regardless of the shape of the population distribution of scores, a sampling distribution of means increasingly approaches the shape of:

a normal distribution as the sample size increases.

Areas of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning and execution of movement send excitatory signals to the:

striatum.

Which of the following statements best describes a psychologist’s ethical requirements with regard to obtaining informed consents for research?

Informed consents are not necessary when the study involves investigating normal educational practices.

A worker-oriented _______________ is conducted to identify the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics required to perform a job successfully.

job analysis

For patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the best prognosis is associated with which of the following?

female gender, a late onset of symptoms, and comorbid mood symptoms

Memory impairment associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has been linked to damage to which of the following areas of the brain?

thalamus and mammillary bodies

Consensual observer drift

ccurs when two or more raters communicate with each other while they’re assigning ratings, tends to artificially increase

The __________ dopamine pathway plays an important role in the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and drug addiction.

mesolimbic

An advantage of conducting a single one-way ANOVA rather than separate t-tests when a study includes one independent variable with three or more levels is that the ANOVA:

. controls the experimentwise error rate.

Drugs that increase which of the following are often used to treat premature ejaculation?

serotonin

An Impairment Index score of _____ or above on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) is usually indicative of brain damage.

.4 to .5

A 43-year-old man who has a history of false disability claims and is hoping his current work-related mental disability claim will be accepted is most likely to obtain a _________ on the MMPI-2.

low K scale score and high F scale score

____________ is an evidence-based, home- and community-centered intervention that is based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. It is for adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have serious antisocial behavioral problems and are at risk for out-of-home placement.

Multisystemic therapy

According to Bronfenbrenner’s (2004) ecological systems theory, available legal and social services are part of the:

exosystem.

The limits of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development are defined by:

he child’s independent performance and the child’s performance with assistance.

Data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that, in 2020, the suicide rate was highest for:

men 75 years of age and older.

the actor-observer effect

ctors tend to attribute their own behaviors to situational factors while observers tend to attribute them to dispositional factors.

To help ensure that differential selection doesn’t threaten the internal validity of a research study, an investigator will:

randomly assign participants to different levels of the independent variable.

Which of the following is most likely to be an effective treatment for neuropathic pain?

amitriptyline & nortriptyline