Clinical

Question 1

What is the normal range for the Hb levels in the serum?

Answer 1

12.5-15.5 g/dL

Question 2

What is the inital test used to evaluate anemia?

Answer 2

CBC

Question 3

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 3

Microcytic anemia

Question 4

What are the 3 main causes of hypochromic microcytic anmeia?

Answer 4

Iron deficiency
Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic disease

Question 5

Blood loss, increased requirement, and decreased absorption can lead to a deficiency in what ion?

Answer 5

Fe

Question 6

What is the inital test for the screening of Fe deficiency?

Answer 6

Serum ferritin test

Question 7

Under what serum ferritin levels shows a deficiency?

Answer 7

< 15 ng/mL

Question 8

How long do u have to treat Fe deficiency with ferrous sulfate?

Answer 8

6 months

takes 6 weeks to correct the Sx

Question 9

Iron dextran with HMW dextran, Iron dextran with LMW dextran, iron sucrose, and ferric gluconate are all IV forms of iron and are used in which pts?

Answer 9

Dialysis or inability to take oral iron

Question 10

Which Hb levels are increased in B-thalassemia?

Answer 10

HbA2

Question 11

What is the deficiency if there is microcytic anemia and purpura, with classic GINGIVAL disease and peipheral edema?

Answer 11

Vit C

Scurvy

Question 12

What is the test performed to exclude hemolysis in the evaluation of normochromic normocytic anemia?

Answer 12

Reticulocyte count

Question 13

Which lab test differentiates iron deficiency anemia from anemia of chronic disease?

Answer 13

Transferrin levels (usually ↑ in Fe deficiency)

Question 14

Which 3 pts can u use EPO in the treatment regimen?

Answer 14

Anemia from neoplastic agents
Anemia from renal insufficiency
Anemia due to HIV in pts who are taking zidovudine

Question 15

In which pts is EPO ineffective?

Answer 15

Anemia due to iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, or another correctable cause.

Question 16

What are the main complications with EPO use?

Answer 16

HTN in dialysis pts
Thrombosis (MI or stroke)
Cancer progression (if the cancer pt isnt receiving chemo)

Question 17

Since transfusion therapy can ↑ the risk of aplastic anemia, what must u select for teh transfusions to pts?

Answer 17

NONrelated donors with CMV-, leukocyte poor, and single donor

Question 18

After what age can u start to use immunosuppression in the treatment of aplastic anemia?

Answer 18

40

Question 19

What must u have to get a bone marrow transplant in the Tx of aplastic anemia?

Answer 19

Syngenetic (identical) twin

Question 20

What are the 3 diseases assocaited with basophilic stippling?

Answer 20

Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic diesease
Lead poisoning

“BASte the ox TAiL”

Question 21

What are the 3 diseases assocaited with hypochromia?

Answer 21

Thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning

Question 22

What are the 4 diseases assocaited with target cells?

Answer 22

HcC disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thallassemia

(“HALT” said the hunter to his TARGET)

Question 23

Chronic liver disease, abetaproteinemia, malabsorption, and anorexia nervosa can lead to what RBC morphology?

Answer 23

Spur cells (Acanthocytes)

Question 24

What is the disease aassciated with Burr cells?

Answer 24

Uremia

Question 25

What ist eh disease assocaited with heinz bodies?

Answer 25

G6PD deficicency

Question 26

What are the 2 associated diseases for Howell-Jolly bodies?

Answer 26

Hyposplenism | Megaloblastic anemia

Question 27

Which is ht eonly form of hemolytic anemia that may be treated with corticosteroids?

Answer 27

idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 28

What are the 2 drugs used for the treatment of PNH?

Answer 28

Prednisone | Eculizumab (did u know this is the world most expensive medication? it costs $400,000/year to be on it)

Question 29

What is the survival rate of TTP with and without treatment?

Answer 29

Without- 90% mortality | With- 70-80% survival rate

Question 30

What drugs has been shown to decrease the frequency of painful vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell?

Answer 30

Hydroxyurea

Question 31

If the sickle cell pt has had a stroke and recurrent acute chest syndrome, what are the 2 curative treatmetns for sickle cell disease?

Answer 31

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant w/marrow | Umbilical cord blood from HLA-identical siblings

Question 32

What is teh most commonc ause of death in sickle cell disease?

Answer 32

Acute chest syndrome

Question 33

What is the problem with transfusions in AIDS?

Answer 33

decrease the risk of durvival and increased risk of CMV infections

Question 34

What is the 2nd most common assocaited malignancy in AIDS?

Answer 34

Non-hodgkins lymphoma | kaposi sarcoma is #1

Question 35

How do u exclude the Dx of pseudothrombocytopenia?

Answer 35

Collect the specimen in citrate and do a peripheral blood smear

Question 36

What is the DOC for the intial treatment of ITP?

Answer 36

Prednisone

Question 37

What is teh treatment of ITP with severe bleeding?

Answer 37

IVIG and platelets

Question 38

What is the treatment of steroid-refractory ITP?

Answer 38

Splenectomy

Question 39

What is the main problem with Protein S deficiency?

Answer 39

Recurrent venous thrombosis

Question 40

Which deficiency (C or S) is tehre a potential risk for warfarin necrosis in the longterm treatment?

Answer 40

Protein C deficiency

Question 41

What is the msot common gene affected in herediatry hemochromatosis?

Answer 41

HFE gene