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Hem/Onc > Clinical > Flashcards

Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range for the Hb levels in the serum?

A

12.5-15.5 g/dL

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2
Q

What is the inital test used to evaluate anemia?

A

CBC

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3
Q

What is the most common type of anemia?

A

Microcytic anemia

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4
Q

What are the 3 main causes of hypochromic microcytic anmeia?

A

Iron deficiency
Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic disease

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5
Q

Blood loss, increased requirement, and decreased absorption can lead to a deficiency in what ion?

A

Fe

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6
Q

What is the inital test for the screening of Fe deficiency?

A

Serum ferritin test

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7
Q

Under what serum ferritin levels shows a deficiency?

A

< 15 ng/mL

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8
Q

How long do u have to treat Fe deficiency with ferrous sulfate?

A

6 months

takes 6 weeks to correct the Sx

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9
Q

Iron dextran with HMW dextran, Iron dextran with LMW dextran, iron sucrose, and ferric gluconate are all IV forms of iron and are used in which pts?

A

Dialysis or inability to take oral iron

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10
Q

Which Hb levels are increased in B-thalassemia?

A

HbA2

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11
Q

What is the deficiency if there is microcytic anemia and purpura, with classic GINGIVAL disease and peipheral edema?

A

Vit C

Scurvy

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12
Q

What is the test performed to exclude hemolysis in the evaluation of normochromic normocytic anemia?

A

Reticulocyte count

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13
Q

Which lab test differentiates iron deficiency anemia from anemia of chronic disease?

A

Transferrin levels (usually ↑ in Fe deficiency)

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14
Q

Which 3 pts can u use EPO in the treatment regimen?

A

Anemia from neoplastic agents
Anemia from renal insufficiency
Anemia due to HIV in pts who are taking zidovudine

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15
Q

In which pts is EPO ineffective?

A

Anemia due to iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, or another correctable cause.

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16
Q

What are the main complications with EPO use?

A

HTN in dialysis pts
Thrombosis (MI or stroke)
Cancer progression (if the cancer pt isnt receiving chemo)

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17
Q

Since transfusion therapy can ↑ the risk of aplastic anemia, what must u select for teh transfusions to pts?

A

NONrelated donors with CMV-, leukocyte poor, and single donor

18
Q

After what age can u start to use immunosuppression in the treatment of aplastic anemia?

19
Q

What must u have to get a bone marrow transplant in the Tx of aplastic anemia?

A

Syngenetic (identical) twin

20
Q

What are the 3 diseases assocaited with basophilic stippling?

A

Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic diesease
Lead poisoning

“BASte the ox TAiL”

21
Q

What are the 3 diseases assocaited with hypochromia?

A

Thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, lead poisoning

22
Q

What are the 4 diseases assocaited with target cells?

A

HcC disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thallassemia

(“HALT” said the hunter to his TARGET)

23
Q

Chronic liver disease, abetaproteinemia, malabsorption, and anorexia nervosa can lead to what RBC morphology?

A

Spur cells (Acanthocytes)

24
Q

What is the disease aassciated with Burr cells?

25
Q

What ist eh disease assocaited with heinz bodies?

A

G6PD deficicency

26
Q

What are the 2 associated diseases for Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

Hyposplenism

Megaloblastic anemia

27
Q

Which is ht eonly form of hemolytic anemia that may be treated with corticosteroids?

A

idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia

28
Q

What are the 2 drugs used for the treatment of PNH?

A

Prednisone

Eculizumab (did u know this is the world most expensive medication? it costs $400,000/year to be on it)

29
Q

What is the survival rate of TTP with and without treatment?

A

Without- 90% mortality

With- 70-80% survival rate

30
Q

What drugs has been shown to decrease the frequency of painful vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell?

A

Hydroxyurea

31
Q

If the sickle cell pt has had a stroke and recurrent acute chest syndrome, what are the 2 curative treatmetns for sickle cell disease?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant w/marrow

Umbilical cord blood from HLA-identical siblings

32
Q

What is teh most commonc ause of death in sickle cell disease?

A

Acute chest syndrome

33
Q

What is the problem with transfusions in AIDS?

A

decrease the risk of durvival and increased risk of CMV infections

34
Q

What is the 2nd most common assocaited malignancy in AIDS?

A

Non-hodgkins lymphoma

kaposi sarcoma is #1

35
Q

How do u exclude the Dx of pseudothrombocytopenia?

A

Collect the specimen in citrate and do a peripheral blood smear

36
Q

What is the DOC for the intial treatment of ITP?

A

Prednisone

37
Q

What is teh treatment of ITP with severe bleeding?

A

IVIG and platelets

38
Q

What is the treatment of steroid-refractory ITP?

A

Splenectomy

39
Q

What is the main problem with Protein S deficiency?

A

Recurrent venous thrombosis

40
Q

Which deficiency (C or S) is tehre a potential risk for warfarin necrosis in the longterm treatment?

A

Protein C deficiency

41
Q

What is the msot common gene affected in herediatry hemochromatosis?

Hem/Onc (5 decks)

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