clinical Flashcards
construct validity
patient does actually have the symptoms of illness they been diagnosed with
concurrent validity
2 classification systems give same diagnosis
predictive validity
doctor should be able to predict how illness will progress, how medication will affect, etc.
aetiological validity
everyone with a disorder should have the same cause - illness matches cause
interrater reliability
2 doctors will give the same diagnosis
retest reliability
if retested, should be rediagnosed with the same illness
DSM AO1
- only mental illness
- published by APA
- used in the USA
- privatised, need to pay
ICD AO1
- all illnesses
- published by WHO
- used worldwide
public, can be accessed online
DSM + ICD AO3
- :) ROSENHAN all apart from one (11/12) pseudopatients were diagnosed with sz - same symptoms will get same diagnosis = reliable
- :( ROSENHAN OTOH none of the patients actually had mental illness so less valid as can’t differentiate between real and fake symptoms
- :) LEE DSM and ADHD questionnaires have similar criteria so will get diagnosis regardless of diagnostic tool
- :( FORD + WIDIGER men and women with same symptoms get different diagnosis
culturally bound syndromes
syndromes / illness that are only found in one place - e.g. koro
:( won’t have diagnosis in another country / won’t receive support as unclear what you’re suffering from - less valid
social norms (culture)
the expected way to act in society
different cultures have different social norms so what would be considered normal in one country may be considered mental illness in another - e.g. talking to ghosts is normal in costa rica but sz in western society
DSM + ICD (culture)
DSM is specifically designed to be used in western cultures so may be misinterpreted if Dr isn’t from a western culture
spiritual model vs medical model
spiritual model views mental illness as supernatural (e.g. possession) whereas medical model views as medical illness - diagnosis / treatments will differ depending on which model is being used
culture DOES affect diagnosis
- MALGADY found its normal to speak to / see ghosts in costa rice but this would be considered as sz in USA
- BURHAM found mexican born americans are diagnosed with hallucinations more than americans with mexican origins in america
- SATO is that some cultures are unwilling to diagnose certain illness (e.g. may have sz but won’t be diagnosed with it in Japan)
culture DOESN’T affect diagnosis
- LEE found ADHD diagnosed the same way / same frequency in Korea and USA
- LIN found sz shares more similarities across cultures than it does differences - culture not actually a big issue?
