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DWT exam 1 > Clin Path > Flashcards

Clin Path Flashcards

1
Q

perameters that reflect how many RBC in blood

A

RBC concentration
hemoglobin concentration
hematocrit %
packed cell volume (PVC)

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2
Q

red cell indicies

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

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3
Q

plasma

A

free fluid component of blood after anticoagulent added
color variations can give information about disease

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4
Q

packed cell volume

A

PCV %
measured in microhematocrit tube
should = Hct (believe PCV)
how many RBCs

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5
Q

hematocrit

A

Hct
RBC M x MCV /10 (dont memorize)
should equal PCV (believe PCV)
how many RBCs

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6
Q

hemoglobin concentration

A

Hgb
how many RBCs
1/3 PCV (dont memorize)

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7
Q

RBC concentration

A

how many RBCs

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8
Q

mean cell volume (MCV)

A

size of RBC

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9
Q

mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A

how much hemoglobin in a cell

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10
Q

erythrocytosis

A

Too many RBC
High PCV/Hct/RBC/Hgb
lots of RBC, less plasma
dehydration

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11
Q

anemia

A

less RBCs
low PCV/Hct/RBC/Hgb

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12
Q

PCV artifacts

A

sample storage (increase)
hemolysis (decrease)

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13
Q

Hct artifacts

A

RBC agglutination (unpredictable)
hemolysis (decrease)

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14
Q

RBC mass artifacts

A

sample storage - decrease
RBC agglutination and hemolysis - decrease

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15
Q

Hgb artifacts

A

lipemia, hemolysis, heinz bodies cause increased hgb

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16
Q

cat reticulocytes

A

aggregate reticulocytes (important, ones we count)
punctate reticulocytes (stay for 2-3 weeks)

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17
Q

reticulocyte # that shows dog/cat/horse is responding to anemia

A

dog: >80,000
cat: >60,000
horse: none, in marrow

18
Q

reticulocytes

A

young RBCs
use absolute reticulocyte (retic#)
show how marrow is making RBCs

19
Q

nucleated RBCs (nRBC)

A

usually less than 3 per 100 RBCs
measures marrow health, splenic health

20
Q

metarubricytosis

A

increased nucleated RBCs
appropriate: erythroid hyperplasia
inappropriate: bone marrow disease (leukemia, fracture, hypoxia), splenic disease (no spleen, cancer)

21
Q

microcytosis

A

small RBCs (MCV)
artifacts: short draws (too much EDTA), hyponatremia
physiologic: young animals <1 year, asian dog breeds
pathologic: irondeficiency, liver disease

22
Q

macrocytosis

A

big RBCs (MCV)
artifact: agglutination, sample storage, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia
physologic: poodles
pathologic: Reticulocytosis, FeLV infection, Folate/Cobalamin deficiency

23
Q

hyperchromasia

A

high MCHC (too much hemoglobin in RBC)
always an artifact: lipemia, hemolysis, short draws, heinz bodies, hypernatremia

24
Q

hypochromasia

A

less hemoglobin in RBC (MCHC)
artifacts: sample storage, Hypernatremia, Hyperglycemia
pathologic: Reticulocytosis, Iron deficiency, Liver disease (failure, portosystemic shunt), Folate/Cobalamin deficiency

25
Q

macrocytic hypochromic

A

look for reticulocytes
regenerative anemias

26
Q

microcytic hypochromic

A

iron deficiency
regenerative or non regenerative

27
Q

anemia clinical signs

A

Pathogenesis
◦ Tissue hypoxia
History
◦ Lethargy, exercise intolerance
Physical Exam
◦ Pale mucus membranes
◦ Hemodynamic compensation
◦ Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

28
Q

anemia clinical signs

A

Pathogenesis
◦ Tissue hypoxia
History
◦ Lethargy, exercise intolerance
Physical Exam
◦ Pale mucus membranes
◦ Hemodynamic compensation
◦ Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

29
Q

nonregenerative anemia

A

hypoplasia (atrophy)
reticulocytes, neutrophils, platlets

30
Q

regenerative anemia

A

Hemorrhage (Reticulocytes, Plasma protein)
Hemolysis (Reticulocytes, Plasma appearance)
If onset is less that 2-3 days it looks like non regenerative becuase regeneration has not started yet

31
Q

acute hemorrhage regeneration

A
  1. blood loss
  2. fluid redistribution (more plasma decreases concentration of plasma proteins)
  3. reticulocytosis increases # of RBCs
32
Q

chronic hemorrhage clinical signs and CBC results

A

no or mild clinical symptoms
internal hemorrhage: no iron deficiency
external hemorrhage: yes iron deficiency

33
Q

internal hemorrhage

A

hemorrhage into body space that is closed
no iron deficiency

34
Q

external hemorrhage

A

hemorrhage to exterior
can be GI tract
yes iron deficiecy

35
Q

iron deficiecy cell division/differentiation

A

extra division, smaller cells result

36
Q

chronic exteral hemorrhage patterns

A
37
Q

central palor in RBC

A

iron deficiency
hypochromasia

38
Q

anisocytosis

A

variation in cell size of RBCs

39
Q

poikilocytosis

A

abnormal RBC shapes

ex: schistocytes

40
Q

schistocytes

A

fragments of RBCs

41
Q

thrombocytosis

A

increased # of platelets

DWT exam 1 (13 decks)

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