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DWT exam 1 > Clin Path > Flashcards

Clin Path Flashcards

1
Q

perameters that reflect how many RBC in blood

A

RBC concentration
hemoglobin concentration
hematocrit %
packed cell volume (PVC)

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2
Q

red cell indicies

A

MCV
MCH
MCHC

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3
Q

plasma

A

free fluid component of blood after anticoagulent added
color variations can give information about disease

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4
Q

packed cell volume

A

PCV %
measured in microhematocrit tube
should = Hct (believe PCV)
how many RBCs

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5
Q

hematocrit

A

Hct
RBC M x MCV /10 (dont memorize)
should equal PCV (believe PCV)
how many RBCs

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6
Q

hemoglobin concentration

A

Hgb
how many RBCs
1/3 PCV (dont memorize)

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7
Q

RBC concentration

A

how many RBCs

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8
Q

mean cell volume (MCV)

A

size of RBC

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9
Q

mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A

how much hemoglobin in a cell

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10
Q

erythrocytosis

A

Too many RBC
High PCV/Hct/RBC/Hgb
lots of RBC, less plasma
dehydration

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11
Q

anemia

A

less RBCs
low PCV/Hct/RBC/Hgb

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12
Q

PCV artifacts

A

sample storage (increase)
hemolysis (decrease)

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13
Q

Hct artifacts

A

RBC agglutination (unpredictable)
hemolysis (decrease)

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14
Q

RBC mass artifacts

A

sample storage - decrease
RBC agglutination and hemolysis - decrease

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15
Q

Hgb artifacts

A

lipemia, hemolysis, heinz bodies cause increased hgb

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16
Q

cat reticulocytes

A

aggregate reticulocytes (important, ones we count)
punctate reticulocytes (stay for 2-3 weeks)

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17
Q

reticulocyte # that shows dog/cat/horse is responding to anemia

A

dog: >80,000
cat: >60,000
horse: none, in marrow

18
Q

reticulocytes

A

young RBCs
use absolute reticulocyte (retic#)
show how marrow is making RBCs

19
Q

nucleated RBCs (nRBC)

A

usually less than 3 per 100 RBCs
measures marrow health, splenic health

20
Q

metarubricytosis

A

increased nucleated RBCs
appropriate: erythroid hyperplasia
inappropriate: bone marrow disease (leukemia, fracture, hypoxia), splenic disease (no spleen, cancer)

21
Q

microcytosis

A

small RBCs (MCV)
artifacts: short draws (too much EDTA), hyponatremia
physiologic: young animals <1 year, asian dog breeds
pathologic: irondeficiency, liver disease

22
Q

macrocytosis

A

big RBCs (MCV)
artifact: agglutination, sample storage, hypernatremia, hyperglycemia
physologic: poodles
pathologic: Reticulocytosis, FeLV infection, Folate/Cobalamin deficiency

23
Q

hyperchromasia

A

high MCHC (too much hemoglobin in RBC)
always an artifact: lipemia, hemolysis, short draws, heinz bodies, hypernatremia

24
Q

hypochromasia

A

less hemoglobin in RBC (MCHC)
artifacts: sample storage, Hypernatremia, Hyperglycemia
pathologic: Reticulocytosis, Iron deficiency, Liver disease (failure, portosystemic shunt), Folate/Cobalamin deficiency

25
macrocytic hypochromic
look for reticulocytes regenerative anemias
26
microcytic hypochromic
iron deficiency regenerative or non regenerative
27
anemia clinical signs
Pathogenesis ◦ Tissue hypoxia History ◦ Lethargy, exercise intolerance Physical Exam ◦ Pale mucus membranes ◦ Hemodynamic compensation ◦ Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
28
anemia clinical signs
Pathogenesis ◦ Tissue hypoxia History ◦ Lethargy, exercise intolerance Physical Exam ◦ Pale mucus membranes ◦ Hemodynamic compensation ◦ Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
29
nonregenerative anemia
hypoplasia (atrophy) reticulocytes, neutrophils, platlets
30
regenerative anemia
Hemorrhage (Reticulocytes, Plasma protein) Hemolysis (Reticulocytes, Plasma appearance) If onset is less that 2-3 days it looks like non regenerative becuase regeneration has not started yet
31
acute hemorrhage regeneration
1. blood loss 2. fluid redistribution (more plasma decreases concentration of plasma proteins) 3. reticulocytosis increases # of RBCs
32
chronic hemorrhage clinical signs and CBC results
no or mild clinical symptoms internal hemorrhage: no iron deficiency external hemorrhage: yes iron deficiency
33
internal hemorrhage
hemorrhage into body space that is closed no iron deficiency
34
external hemorrhage
hemorrhage to exterior can be GI tract yes iron deficiecy
35
iron deficiecy cell division/differentiation
extra division, smaller cells result
36
chronic exteral hemorrhage patterns
37
central palor in RBC
iron deficiency hypochromasia
38
anisocytosis
variation in cell size of RBCs
39
poikilocytosis
abnormal RBC shapes | ex: schistocytes
40
schistocytes
fragments of RBCs
41
thrombocytosis
increased # of platelets

DWT exam 1 (13 decks)

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