clin med synth Flashcards
what is diabetes mellitus
a disorder of metabolism that results in hyperglycemia due to inadequate or ineffective insulin
what is the role of insulin in relation to glucose
insulin is required to move glucose into cells (other than brain); required to store glucose (primarily in the liver)
what does insulin prevent
the breakdown of protein stores; the excess release of fatty acids
what is the role of Beta cells
they sense the level of blood glucose and proportionately release insulin
what is a normal blood glucose
60-140mg/dL
how is diabetes diagnosed
HgbA1c>6.5%;
fasting glucose>126mg/dL;
a random glucose >200 mg/dL c/ symptoms
what is a test to Dx diabetes
a 75gm glucose tolerance test c/ a 2 hr glucose >200mg/dL
what are the criteria for prediabetes
HgbA1c 5.7-6.5%
plasma glucose 140-200mg/dL 2 hrs post 75gm glucose load
what is the range for an impaired fasting plasma glucose cx
100-126mg/dL
what are some classic symptoms of hyperglycemia
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, wt loss, fatigue, ifx, blurred vision, poor healing, growth failure in child
what is the insulin deficiency due to in type 1 diabetes
immune mediated beta cell destruction
what type of diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and secretory defects
type II
what is MODY
maturity onset diabetes of young
- genetic defect in Beta cell function
- inherited autosomal dominant pattern
what type of diabetes has a tendency to DKA
type I
what is the honeymoon phase in the progression of type I diabetes
following the onset of disease -a relative inc in B cell function before a sharp decline
