Climate Ecology

Question 1

Weather

Answer 1

short term changes in weather e.g temperature, cloud cover, wind

Question 2

Climate

Answer 2

long term changes in patterns of weather over a long period of time (~20 years)

Question 3

Climate change

Answer 3

changes in patterns of weather over a long period of time

Question 4

Extinction

Answer 4

complete disappearance of a species

Question 5

Endangered species

Answer 5

species at risk of extinction

Question 6

IUCN classification

Answer 6

classifies species depending on their relative risk of extinction

Question 7

All endangered classifications

Answer 7

extinction -> extinct in the wild -> critically endangered -> endangered -> vulnerable -> near threatened -> least concern

Question 8

How do scientists tell if a species is slowly becoming endangered

Answer 8

disruption in food chain, lack of footprints, lack of feces

Question 9

Reasons of endangerment

Answer 9

1. climate change
2. habitat loss
3. poaching and hunting
4. pollution
5. diseases
6. disruptions in the food web

Question 10

5 types of kingdoms

Answer 10

animal, plant, fungi, protist (a single cell organism that is neither a plant or animal), monerans (single cell organisms that do not have a nucleus)

Question 11

Hierarchy of classification

Answer 11

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(King Philip Came Over From Great Spain)

Question 12

How to write scientific name?

Answer 12

Genus name (capital) species name (all lowercase) and when it is written, it is underlined

Question 13

How do you tell if animals are of the same species?

Answer 13

if they can reproduce and make fertile offspring

Question 14

Advantages of classification

Answer 14

1. Provides order, shows similarity
2. Eliminates cultural and language barriers
3. Provides clarity
4. Identification of harmful/useful species

Question 15

Evolution

Answer 15

process that results in changing genetic material over a long period of time

Question 16

Adaptation

Answer 16

a feature of an organism that enables it to survive in its natural habitat

Question 17

Types of adaptations

Answer 17

structural - relates to the physical anatomy of an organism
physiological - relates to the internal functioning of the organism e.g chameleons camouflaging
behavioral - relates to the actions performed by the organism e.g eagles defending their terriotory

Question 18

Natural selection

Answer 18

how certain adaptations are selected for organisms with slightly different traits within a population

Question 19

Natural selection steps

Answer 19

1. variation: there is an inheritable genetic variation
2. inheritance: selection pressures determine which individuals
3. selection: individuals with beneficial adaptations are most likely to pass on their genes
4. time: over many generations, there is a change in allele frequency (number with a specific genetic variation) (i.e., evolution)

Question 20

Ecosystem

Answer 20

a system of organisms interacting with each other and their non-living surroundings

Question 21

Biotic

Answer 21

living

Question 22

Abiotic

Answer 22

non-living

Question 23

Symbiosis

Answer 23

species living closely with each other

Question 24

Habitat

Answer 24

the place where an organism lives

Question 25

Environment

Answer 25

physical, chemical, and biological conditions in a habitat

Question 26

Community

Answer 26

organisms living together in a specific habitat or ecosystem

Question 27

Niche

Answer 27

an organism’s ‘role’ in its ecosystem

Question 28

Population

Answer 28

specific group of one specific species

Question 29

Mutualism

Answer 29

both species get benefits from the relationship (flowers and bees)

Question 30

Commensalism

Answer 30

one benefits and the other is unaffected (barnacles and whales)

Question 31

Amensalism

Answer 31

one is unaffected, the other is harmed (grass and cattle)

Question 32

Parasitism

Answer 32

one benefits and the other is harmed (a flea and a dog)

Question 33

Predation

Answer 33

one targets and consumes the other (worms and birds)

Question 34

Competition

Answer 34

both compete for limited resources (sunlight, territory)