Climate Flashcards

chapter 10-12

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1
Q

what is the difference between weather and climate?

A

weather is short term
climate is long term

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1
Q

what is the atmospheric gas percentage?

A

78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Other

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2
Q

what is the biosphere?

A

the region of Earth where life can exsist

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3
Q

Define the three components of the Earth

A

Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere

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4
Q

how does temperatures affected when altitude increases?

A

as altitude increases, temperature decreases

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5
Q

what’s the earth’s angle of inclination? how does it influence insolation?

A

90 degrees, however when the angle is high, the insolation is high, due to the angle the sun’s ray hits it at

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6
Q

explain how we experience different seasons in the northern hemisphere

A

The earth’s spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane

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7
Q

explain how latitude effects insolation

A

The higher the latitude, the smaller the angle of incidence, thus the less solar insolation reaches the surface.

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8
Q

what are the four major greenhouse gases?

A

carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor

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9
Q

describe how thermal energy can be transferred in the atmosphere and hydrosphere

A

convection and conduction modes of heat transfer

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10
Q

describe the coriolis effect

A

s the pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around Earth

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11
Q

differentiate the three methods of energy transfer: conduction, convection, radiation

A
  • Conduction is the transfer of energy from one molecule to another by direct contact.
  • Convection is the movement of heat by a fluid such as water or air.
  • Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.
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12
Q

compare natural greenhouse effect to the enhanced greenhouse effect

A

natural effect = naturally traps greenhouse gases
enhanced effect = human activities leading to the greenhouse gases

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13
Q

define albedo

A

high albedo = reflect light (white)
low albedo = absorb light (dark)

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14
Q

describe the difference between land breeze and sea breeze

A

When the breeze flows from the land towards the sea, it is a land breeze. When the breeze flows from the sea towards the land, it is the sea breeze.

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15
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount

16
Q

how to tell if a substance will heat up the slowest or the fastest

A

The substance that is most likely to heat up the fastest is one that has a low specific heat capacity.

17
Q

what is the difference between an open system and closed

A

open allows all energy and matter to be exchanged, while close only allows energy to be exchanged.

18
Q

explain the heating of curve of water

A

The heating curve for water shows how the temperature of a given quantity of water changes as heat is added at a constant rate.

19
Q

why does the temperature not change during phase change?

A

Since the energy involved in a phase changes is used to break bonds, there is no increase in the kinetic energies of the particles

20
Q

what are the names of the phase change?

A

Freezing: liquid to solid.
Melting: solid to liquid.
Condensation: gas to liquid.
Vaporization: liquid to gas.
Sublimation: solid to gas.
Deposition: gas to solid.

21
Q

which biomes are found in canada

A

tundra, desert, grassland, and forest

22
Q

what is a carbon sink?

A

A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases

23
Q

carbon source?

A

Examples of carbon sources include the burning of fossil fuels like gas, coal and oil, deforestation and volcanic eruptions

24
Q

what human activities have influenced climate change?

A

Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock

25
Q

which greenhouse gas are we most concerned about?

A

carbon dioxide

26
Q

define sustainable development

A

sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.