Climate

Question 1

what describes movement of air in the Hadley cell

Answer 1

warm air rises at equator

Question 2

state 2 greenhouse gases

Answer 2

carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
methane

Question 3

state one natural cause of climate change in the past

Answer 3

orbital changes - Milankovitch cycles

solar variation - sunspot activity

volcanic eruption

Question 4

state two sources of evidence for natural climate change in the past

Answer 4

ice cores

pollen records

tree rings

paintings

Question 5

state two negative effects of climate change on people

Answer 5

reduced crop yield = famine

flooded homes/land

shorter skiing seasons

Question 6

describe how colder periods eg. little ice age, effect farming

Answer 6

early frosts would damage summer crops = resulting in low harvest

inhospitable conditions for livestock

Question 7

state two reasons why carbon dioxide emissions are higher in Manchester than countryside

Answer 7

bigger population

larger transport network

greater car ownership

more factories

Question 8

explain one reason why climate change may effect the price of food

Answer 8

flood damage to crops = lower crop yield = lower supply

Question 9

explain one natural cause of climate change

Answer 9

increased/decreased sunspots = warmer/colder periods as more/less solar energy released

volcanic eruptions = cooling as incoming solar radiation is blocked by volcanic dust

Question 10

explain one way in which global atmospheric pressure determines the location of low pressure areas

Answer 10

the equator is low pressure with high rainfall. here warm air rises and cools = clouds

at the equator = less dense air rises = cools + condenses = rain

Question 11

explain one reason why more heat energy is received at the equator then the poles

Answer 11

the earths surface is curved = the radiation from the sun hits the earth at different angles = hits equator more direct = equator received more concentrated heat radiation

Question 12

explain one way the milankovitch cycles can affect global temperature

Answer 12

the tilt of the earths axis change = sometimes earth is tilted away from sun = makes differences between seasons greater

the tilt of the earths axis change = sometimes earth is tilted towards sun = makes differences between seasons small

the earths orbit changes = sometimes the earth is closer to the sun = increases temp

Question 13

explain one way farming produces greenhouse gases

Answer 13

cattle farming produces methane = amount of cattle farming has increased in recent. years = as more people are eating meat

farmers clear the land/ deforestation = to provide land on which to grow crops = fewer trees to absorb carbon dioxide

Question 14

describe how one human activity can contribute to climate change

Answer 14

deforestation - prevents absorption of carbon dioxide

Question 15

for a named country suggest one possible impact of higher global temperatures

Answer 15

Britain -

coastal flooding from higher sea levels

Question 16

explain how natural causes can result in climate change

Answer 16

volcanic activity
changes in solar output - sunspots
milankovitch cycles

Question 17

other then glacial advance and retreat describe two pieces of evidence that show climate change has happened in the past

Answer 17

ice core samples from ice sheets = showing past levels of carbon dioxide

fossilised remains of animals/plans/pollen that used to live in that area = eg. elephants in London

Question 18

explain how an increase in greenhouse gases can lead to climate change

Answer 18

• suns energy arrives as short-wave radiation
• short waves are able to travel through greenhouse gases
• this energy is absorbed and some is reflected off the earth as long wave radiation
• long-wave energy is unable to pass through greenhouse gases and are reflected back to earth
• this trapped energy causes the planet to warm up

Question 19

describe how orbital changes and varying solar output can lead to climate change

Answer 19

orbital changes = changes from a circular to an oval orbit can affect the amount of sunlight the earth receives. it takes 100,000 years for the earth orbit to change from being more circular to an ellipse and back again = milankovitch cycles =. CIRCULAR ORBITS RESULT IN LOWER TEMP

orbital cycles = the earth wobbles on its axis leading to changes in its tilt. when the earth is more upright it receives a greater amount of energy

solar output = cycles of increased sunspots increase the amount of radiation the sun gives off. therefore more sunspots = higher temp