Client Consultation And Assesment Flashcards
What is the most important principle of the client consultation and health appraisal process?
Screen for risk factors and symptoms of disease
Ch 9, pg 148
Warning signs for Anorexia
Ch 19 pg 507
- Dramatic loss of weight (up to 15%)
- Denial; feeling fat even when thin
- Obsession with weight, diet, and appearance
- Use of food rituals or avoidance of social situations involving food
- Obsession with exercise; hyperactivity
- sensitivity to cold
- Using layers of baggy clothing to hide weight loss
- Fatigue (in later stages)
- Decline in work, school, or athletic performance
- Growth of baby fine hair over face and body (Lanugo hair)
- Yellow tint to skin palms, and soles of feet (from high levels of carotene)
- Hair loss, dry hair, dry skin, and brittle nails
- Loss of muscle mass and tone
- No menstrual periods (amenorrhea )
- Slow pulse at rest, light headed Nelson standing up too quickly
- Constipation
What is a physician’s referral form used for?
To obtain information about a client’s health status, physical limitations, and exercise restrictions
What is the correct hallway width according to the Americans with Disabilities act?
60 inches
ACSM’s Initial Risk Stratification Table
Describe LOW RISK
Men and women who I have “1 or NO” CVD risk factors
ACSM’s Initial Risk Stratification Table
Describe MODERATE RISK
Men and women who have 2 or more CVD risk factors
ACSM’s Initial Risk Stratification Table
Describe HIGH RISK
Men or women who have a diagnosed CVD or present with signs and symptoms of CVD… to include Diabetes mellitus.
9 Signs and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
- Known Heart Murmur
- Unusual Fatigue
- Dizziness or Fainting (syncope)
- Swelling of the Ankles (Ankle Edema)
- Fast (tachycardia) or irregular heartbeat
- Intermittent claudication; calf cramping
- angina; pain in chest, jaw, neck, arms caused by lack of circulation
- Orthopnea; Breathing discomfort when not in upright position, Nocturnal Dyspnea; shortness of breath at night
- Unexplained Shortness of Breath
Should a personal trainer give children an Assumption of Risk agreement? Why or why not?
NO! Parents do not have the right to execute such waivers on behalf of the child and children are incapable of self-negligence.
Ch 9, pg 151
How many grams of carbohydrate is needed per day to prevent ketosis?
50 - 100 grams
What is the Carbohydrate recommendation for aerobic endurance athletes who train for 90 minutes or more on most days?
Ch 7, pg 114
7 - 10 g/kg of bodyweight per day
Ex. MALE 165lbs
165 / 2.2 = 75kg
75 x 7 = 525g
75 x 10 = 750g
*a 165lb male would need between 525 - 750 grams of carbohydrate per day
What is the carbohydrate recommendation for a strength or power athlete?
Ch 7, pg 114
5 - 6 g/kg of body weight
Ex. Female Sprinter 130lbs
130/2.2 = 59kg
59 x 5 = 295g
59 x 6 = 354g
* at 130lbs, she would need between 295 - 354 grams of carbs per day
BMI is a measure of body mass related to stature. The formula used to calculate BMI is
BW (kg) / Height squared (m2) = BMI
Ex. Male - 65in , 203lbs
65in x .0254 = 1.651m; m2 = 1.651 x 1.651 = 2.73
203lbs / 2.2 = 92.2kg
92.2 / 2.73 = 33.7
Two trainers have given a client different scores during a push-up test. What type of reliability would be lacking in this scenario?
Lack of Interrater reliability
CH 10, pg 182
Define Interrater Reliability of a test
The comparison of a client’s test scores measured by more than one trainer
Ch 10, pg 182
A client is looking to gain five pounds of muscle in the next four weeks. If his current caloric intake is 2,750 calories per day, what must his new minimum caloric intake be to achieve this goal?
2500 kcal are needed for each 1lb increase in muscle
- 5 x 2500 = 12,500 kcal needed for a 5lb increase
- 12500kcal / 4 weeks = extra 3125 kcal / week, over 4 week period
- extra 446.4 kcal per day
Ch7, pg 118
Carbohydrate requirements of an individual primarily depend on what physical activity factor?
Mode of exercise
Ch 7, pg 114
What type of assessment would be themost appropriate to perform on a separate testing day?
Maximum Aerobic Capacity (MAC) assessments
-if performed on the same day as other performance tests, then perform MACs last and allow 1 hour of rest after the last test is completed
Ch 10, pg 193
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein for healthy, sedentary adults is _________.
For Athletes its _________
Sedentary adults = 0.08 g/kg of BW
Athletes = 1.2 - 2.0 g/kg of BW
Ch 7, pg 113
What type of cardiovascular assessments would be themost valid for an obese, previously sedentary individual?
ROCKPORT Walk test because it is a sub-maximal test that would be the safest for an obese individual
Ch 10, pg 182
What is considered a negative coronary risk factor?
Having a serum HDL-cholesterol of 60 mg/dl or higher…this will take away 1 positive risk factor from the list of other positive risk factors identified by the personal trainer
Ch 9, pg 154
Define outcome goal.
A goal which a client has little control over.
Define performance goal
A goal that represents a client’s personal expectations- or standards-of achievement and that is not a comparison to someone else.
Define Process goal
A goal over which a client has a high degree of control
An initial and reasonable goal of a weight loss program is a _____% reduction in body weight in _____ months.
10%
6 months
What is the estimated daily energy expenditure of a 120lb female who participates in light activities daily?
1920 calories
16 kcal / pound of body weight (16 x 120 = 1920)
Ch 7; pg 112
What actions should be completed before the sit and reach test?
Warm up & remove shoes
What are 3 warning signs of bulimia?
Over concern for body shape
Broken blood vessels in eyes
Digestive tract issues
Ch 19; pg 508
Which risk stratification of clients suggest a medical exam and graded exercise test before participating in vigorous exercise?
Moderate and High risk
Ch 9, pg 160
A client’s blood pressure has been measured at 140mmHg/95 mmHg; how should the personal trainer proceed?
Measure blood pressure again after 2 minutes.
-If the 2nd measurement also indicates hypertension, refer the client to a physician.
Which variables are needed to calculate maximal oxygen consumption during theRockportwalking test?
Body weight Age Time Heart rate immediately after completion Gender
Which common supplement would a client most likely to be taking?
Vitamin and mineral supplement
During the YMCA bench press test, what weight should be used for a 38-year-old female client with a BMI of 24?
35 lbs… that is the weight used during the test for females
Which of the following tests would be inappropriate for a teenage athlete with no previous exercise experience?
1RM BENCH PRESS
Sit-and-reach
1.5 mile run
Which population will likely give theleastvalid and reliable information as part of their lifestyle inventory?
Those with existing or diagnose health conditions
While instructing a client to perform the prone double straight-leg raise test, what body part must maintain clearance from the table to continue timing the test?
Knees - this position indicates that the muscles of the lower back are being used to raise the legs off the table.
Ken is a 60-year-old male with a personal history of hypertension, elevated cholesterol levels, and a heart attack ten years ago. Which type of exercise program would be recommended for Ken?
Medically Supervised Program
Ch 9, pg 162
A client is at moderate risk for coronary artery disease. When is a physician required to be present for exercise testing?
During maximal tests only
Ch 9, pg 160
A client is at moderate risk for coronary artery disease. When is a physician required to be present for exercise testing?
Do not count the repetition and have the client curl up further.
During the PAR-Q, a potential client noted that he is currently taking medication for high blood pressure. Which of the following must occur as a result of this discovery?
Client must contact his/her physician for recommendations in proceeding with an exercise program
A personal trainer wants to determine whether a client may be predisposed to low back pain. Which two fitness assessments are themost appropriate topredict the possibility of low back pain?
Prone double straight leg raise
Sit - and - reach
What does S.M.A.R.T. Stand for?
Specific Measurable Action oriented Realistic Time bound
What are Practical Principles of Effective Goal Setting?
- Make goals specific, measurable, and observable
- Clearly identify time constraints
- Use moderately difficult goals
- Record goals and monitor progress
- Diversify process, performance, and outcomes
- Set short-range goals to achieve long-term goals
- Make sure goals are internalized (clients should participate or set their own goals)
Ch 8, Pg 135
Calculate the BMI for an individual who is 1.5m tall and weighs 74kg.
Convert meters to inches (1.5m / 0.0254 = 59in)
Convert kilograms to pounds (74kg * 2.2 = 162.8lbs)
BMI metric formula (kg / m2 = BMI)
74 / 2.25 = 32.8
BMI Imperial formula (lbs / in2) 703 = BMI
Convert kg to lbs: 742.2 = 162.8
Convert m to in: 1.5 * 39.37 = 59
5959 = 3481
(162.8 / 3481)703 = 32.8
What is the recommended sequence of tests when assessing general fitness?
Resting tests Nonfatiguing tests Muscular strength tests Local Muscular Endurance tests Submaximal aerobic capacity tests
What is the recommended sequence of tests when assessing athletic performance?
Resting tests Nonfatiguing tests Agility tests Max power and strength tests Sprint tests Local Muscular Endurance tests Anaerobic capacity tests Maximal or submaximal aerobic capacity tests
Ch10, pg 193
List indicators for terminating an exercise test session.
Onset of angina or angina-like symptoms Drop in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg from baseline Excessive rise in BP: systolic > 250 or diastolic > 115 Shortness of breath Wheezing Leg cramps Claudication Dizziness Nausea Failure of HR to rise Noticeable change in heart rhythm Client requests to stop Physical or verbal manifestations of severe fatigue Failure of testing equipment
Ch10, pg192
General principles to consider when a client wants to lose weight are:
*The ability to achieve and maintain minimal body fat is to some
extent genetic
*The ability to gain muscle and lose fat simultaneously depends on
training program and nutrition
*An average loss of 1 to 2 pounds per week represents a caloric deficit
of 500 - 1000 kcal (a loss of 1% total body weight is common)
*The diet should be nutritionally balanced and should provide a variety of foods
Ch7, pg118
List some benefits of exercising during pregnancy
- Facilitated recovery from labor
- faster return to prepregnancy weight and strength levels
- improved mood and self concept
- more energy reserve
- reduced feelings of stress, anxiety, and depression
- reduced postpartum belly size
Practical principles of effective goal setting are:
- Make goals specific, measurable, and observable
- Clearly identify time constraints
- Use moderately difficult goals
- Record goals and monitor progress
- Diversify process, performance, and outcomes
- Set short range goals to achieve long term goals
- Make sure goals are internalized (clients participate or set their own)
Ch 8, pg 135
