Classified Information

Question 1

Annex Foxtrot

Answer 1

outlined how they were going to use the press pools.

- more control of the press, military got to review the stories and decide if they could be released.

Question 2

Panama

Answer 2

panama deception- the war was based on lies

• used press pools to control the places the press could go and what they see to report and that painted the war in a more positive light.
• US turned on the “dictator” Manual Noriega that they used to support. He was accused of drug trafficking

Question 3

truck bomb

Answer 3

1995- biggest terrorist attack on US soil at the time

Question 4

1998 US embassy atacks

Answer 4

response was a series of missile attacks on Sudan.

people saw the attacks as a media distraction away from the Lewinsky scandal.

Question 5

John Ashcroft - memo

Answer 5

if someone has an information request we should air on the side of saying no.

Question 6

another scary memo about wartime powers.

wasn’t declassified until 2009.

Answer 6

US president has sweeping powers to ignore parts of the constitution during the war. Including the 1st amendment. 2001-2009

Question 7

ideograph (McGee)

Answer 7

This essay attempts to describe political consciousness in collectivities. Symbolist thought, focused on the idea of “myth,” seems linked with material thought, focused on the concept of “ideology.” It is suggested that a description of political consciousness can be constructed from the structures of meaning exhibited by a society’s vocabulary of “ideographs.

Question 8

prior restraint

Answer 8

censorship imposed, usually by a government, on expression before the expression actually takes place.

Question 9

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Tet Offensive

Answer 9

a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers throughout South Vietnam.[10] The name of the offensive comes from the Tết holiday, the Vietnamese New Year, when the first major attacks took place.

Question 10

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

Answer 10

a federal freedom of information law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government.

Question 11

Pentagon Papers

Answer 11

the papers revealed that the U.S. had secretly enlarged the scale of the Vietnam War with the bombings of nearby Cambodia and Laos, coastal raids on North Vietnam, and Marine Corps attacks, none of which were reported in the mainstream media.[4]

For his disclosure of the Pentagon Papers, Ellsberg was initially charged with conspiracy, espionage

Question 12

NY Times v. U.S. (1971)

Answer 12

The ruling made it possible for the New York Times and Washington Post newspapers to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment.[1]

President Richard Nixon had claimed executive authority to force the Times to suspend publication of classified information in its possession. The question before the court was whether the constitutional freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment, was subordinate to a claimed need of the executive branch of government to maintain the secrecy of information. The Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment did protect the right of the New York Times to print the materials.

Question 13

U.S. v. Marchetti (1972)

Answer 13

decision is the enforceability of a secrecy
agreement exacted by the government, in its capacity
as employer, from an employee of the Central
Intelligence Agency. Marchetti contends that his First
Amendment rights foreclose any prior restraint upon
him in carrying out his purpose to write and publish
what he pleases about the Agency and its operations.

Question 14

Snepp v. U.S. (1980)

Answer 14

Upon accepting employment in the CIA in 1968, Snepp signed an agreement with the Agency that he would not publish any information during or after his term of employment relating to the Agency’s activities without first obtaining Agency approval. Snepp published a book about CIA activities in South Vietnam without first submitting his manuscript to the Agency for review. A lower court denied Snepp royalties from his book for his failure to secure approval.

Question 15

Haig v. Agee (1981)

Answer 15

In 1974, Philip Agee, a former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency, announced a campaign “to fight the United States CIA wherever it is operating.” Over the next several years, Agee successfully exposed a number of CIA agents and sources working in other countries. When Secretary of State Alexander Haig revoked Agee’s passport, Agee filed suit claiming that Haig did not have congressional authorization to do so. Agee also claimed that the action violated his right to travel, his First Amendment right to criticize the government, and his Fifth Amendment Due Process rights.

Question 16

U.S. v. Progressive (1979)

Answer 16

A temporary injunction was granted against The Progressive to prevent the publication of an article by activist Howard Morland that purported to reveal the “secret” of the hydrogen bomb. Though the information had been compiled from publicly available sources, the DOE claimed that it fell under the “born secret” clause of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.

unconstitutionality attached to prior restraints

Question 17

U.S. v. Morison (1988)

Answer 17

employed at the Naval (NISC) violated the Espionage Act involved the unauthorized transmittal of certain satellite secured photographs of Soviet naval preparations to “one not entitled to receive them” (count 1) and the obtaining of unauthorized possession of secret intelligence reports and the retaining of them without delivering them to “one entitled to receive” them

Question 18

1995 OKC bombing + antiterrorism

legislation

Answer 18

As a result of the bombing, the U.S. Congress passed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which tightened the standards for habeas corpus in the United States,[16] as well as legislation designed to increase the protection around federal buildings to deter future terrorist attacks.

Question 19

National Security Letters (NSL)

Answer 19

an administrative subpoena issued by the fed govt to gather information for national security purposes.[1] NSLs do not require prior approval from a judge. authorize the fed government to seek such information that is “relevant” to authorized national security investigations.

Question 20

Holder v. Humanitarian Law Project (2011)

Answer 20

The government moved for summary judgment arguing that challenged provisions of the AEDPA were not unconstitutionally vague. The district court granted a partial motion for summary judgment, but held that some parts of the Act were unconstitutionally vague.

On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed, holding that the terms “service,” “training,” or “other specialized knowledge” within the AEDPA, as applied to the plaintiffs, were unconstitutionally vague.

Question 21

PRISM

Answer 21

(NSA) collects internet communications from at least nine major US internet companies.
The PRISM program collects stored internet communications based on demands made to internet companies

Question 22

Stephen Jin-Woo Kim

Answer 22

pleaded guilty to a single felony count of disclosing classified information to Fox News reporter James Rosen. He previously had a career in academia and government service

Kim was charged under the Espionage Act for allegedly disclosing to a reporter that North Korea might test a nuclear bomb. His defenders argue that such disclosure is both harmless and commonplace in Washington, and that the charge against him is excessive and unprecedented.[4]