classification system for diagnosis Flashcards
what are the 2 classification systems
ICD
DSM
when was the DSM first published
1952
define neurosis
mental health issues that fall just outside of normal functioning but the individual is still in touch with reality and knows they are ill
define psychosis
mental health issues where the individual has lost touch with reality. This is not on a continuum with normal mental health
why do revisions take place
due to new research
name 4 changes in the DSM V from the DSM IV
abolished the axis
removing unnecessary and over used diagnoses
reflecting social change
reflecting tolerant attitudes
how do clinicians gather information
observation
unstructured interview
structured interview
summarise 5 AO1 points around the ICD
Reed et al. 70% of psychiatrists use the ICD-10 and 23% using the DSM-1
statistics (living document)
both physical and mental disorders
multilingual and available to everyone
based off categories
give 2 points on the changes between ICD-10 and ICD-11
new chapter structure
changes in diagnostic criteria
name 3 similarities between the ICD and DSM
both are diagnostic manuals
both are living documents
both require 2 or more symptoms present for a diagnosis to be made
name 3 differences between the ICD and DSM
ICD is multilingual - DSM is only in English
ICD is free - DSM is paif for
ICD is physical and mental - DSM is mental
give 3 evaluation points for the DSM
lacks credibility as those reviewing the DSM 5 had to sign an agreement that they would not talk about the process of reviewing, testing cannot be challenged
DSM 5 underwent field trials before publication (re-test reliability)
DSM 5 brought in social norms to be considered when giving a diagnosis, culture and own social norms of the psychiatrist and lead to subjectivity
give 1 evaluation points for the ICD
the common language provided by the ICD clinical descriptions and guidelines, is more simplistic, it is more user friendly, increase validity
give 2 validity evaluation points for the ICD
Jannson et al (2002) found the iCD-10 and DSM- 4 gave in excess of an 80% agreement in diagnosis which is high when looking at the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia compared with other classification systems
WHO conducted a study of clincians and found a preference for simplicity and flexibility, ICD-11 will be cautious about adding new disorders and may merge disorders that are difficult to diagnose so should be more user friendly
give 2 reliability points for the ICD
Mason et al (1997) ICD-9 was ‘reasonably good for predicting disability’ in 99 people with schizophrenia 13 years later as measured by the global assessment of functioning questionaire
Jakobsen et al (2005) Danish in-patients diagnosed with schizophrenia used the ICD-10 to look at reliability and it showed 93% sensitivity and 87% predictive value when it came to a diagnosis between ICD-10
