4 D's Flashcards
what is social constructionism
socially constructed that differs from society to society and are best understood within their social construct
define what symptoms mean
things that characterise a disorder with regard to how a person thinks or behaves
define what features mean
involves statistics about a disorder or aspects of it
what is the purpose of the 4 D’s
psychiatrists use the 4 D’s to help diagnose mental illnesses
what are the 4 D’s
danger
deviance
dsyfunction
distress
define deviance
behaviours and emotions that deviate from social or cultural norms and are seen as unacceptable by the society
define distress
when someone with a disorder experiences negative feelings- physical, emotional pain or anxiety
define dysfunction
a persons behaviour is not successful in relation to carrying out everyday tasks and living their life in general
define danger
to others or the individual
5th D
Davis (2009) suggested duration as the fifth D
duration refers to the length of time the individual has shown symptoms
give 3 strengths of the 4 D’s
have practical applications as they are useful for professionals
they help professionals consider a patients symptoms for clinical diagnosis
support the validity of the DSM as various diagnoses are shown to focus on specific D’s showing each has value
give 4 weaknesses of the 4 D’s
high subjectivity in the application of the 4 D’s
diagnosis can lead to labels given to people (low ethics)
abuse of power (e.g. KGB claimed people were mentally ill if they went against them)
deviance- different mental illnesses show similar deviance (e.g. several disorders show the same deviance such as depression and anxiety)
give 2 strengths of the 4 Ds
well designed standard and a comprehensive tool for clinicians
can provide help and aid for those struggling with mental illness
