Classification of periodontal disease

Question 1

What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis

Answer 1

Gingivitis
- reversible
- redness, swelling, bleeding

Periodontitis
- irreversible
- loss of attachment, pocket formation, bone loss

Question 2

What is periodontal health

Answer 2

Les than 10% bleeding sites with probing depths of 3mm or less

Question 3

What are the different types of gingivitis

Answer 3

dental biofilm induced
non-dental biofilm induced

Question 4

list 3 local risk factors that contribute to dental biofilm induced gingivitis

Answer 4

• lack of saliva
• tooth anatomic factors
• dental restorations /appliances (ortho)
• high fraenal attachment

Question 5

list 2 systemic risk factors that contribute to dental biofilm induced gingivitis

Answer 5

1. endocrine system
   - puberty/menstrual cycle associated gingivitis
   - pregnancy associated gingivitis/ pyogenic granuloma
   - diabetes associated gingivitis
2. blood dyscrasias
   - leukaemia associated gingivitis

Question 6

what occurs in pregnancy associated gingivitis

Answer 6

effects of plaque on gingiva exacerbated by progesterone in the 2nd and 3rd trimester

Question 7

list 3 drugs that can cause gingival enlargement

Answer 7

• Phenytoin (for epilepsy)
• Ciclosporin (immunosuppressant for prevention of organ rejection after transplants)
• Calcium channel blockers e.g. amlodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem for heart problems (high blood pressure, angina prophylaxis)

Question 8

list 8 non-dental biofilm induced gingival diseases

Answer 8

• Genetic/developmental disorders (eg hereditary gingival fibromatosis)
• Specific infections
• Inflammatory and immune conditions
• Reactive processes
• Neoplasms
• Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
• Traumatic (eg finger nail picking)
• Gingival pigmentation

Question 9

give an example of gingivitis of viral origin

Answer 9

herpetic gingivostomatitis

Question 10

what are the 3 types of necrotising periodontal disease

Answer 10

necrotising gingivitis
necrotising periodontitis
nectrotising stomatitis

Question 11

list the characteristics of necrotising gingivitis

Answer 11

• ‘punched out’ necrotic interdental papillae
• exposed alveolar bone

Question 12

what are the 2 types of bone loss

Answer 12

• vertical (infrabony) loss
• horizontal bone loss

Question 13

2 adv of an up to date 2018 classification

Answer 13

allows clinical to be aware of full range of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions
provides a basis fot the diagnosis and subsequent management of the patient

Question 14

what was the prev classification

Answer 14

Armitage 1999