Classification Of Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
Where 2 or more bones come together
What are joints also known as?
Articulations
What are the 3 types of joint?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
How are fibrous joints connected?
By dense fibrous connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen
Are fibrous joints fixed or immobile?
They can be both
Where are fibrous joints found?
Between the bones of the skull
How are cartilaginous joints connected?
Entirely by cartilage
What are the 2 types of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline/articular cartilage
What is an example of fibrocartilage?
Inter - vertebral discs or pubic symphysis
What does hyaline/articular cartilage do?
Covers the end of the bone
How mobile are cartilaginous joints?
Allow more movement between bones than the highly mobile synovial joint
What are synovial joints?
They are a joint capsule
What do the ligaments do?
They stabilise and restrain movement
Where is articular / hyaline cartilage found
Articular / hyaline cartilage surrounds articular surfaces
What do some synovial joints have and where are they found?
Some have fibrocartilage disc or menisci e.g. the knee
Some have a synovial pouch (bursa)
Name all the types of synovial joint
Hinge Ball and socket Condyloid/ellipsoid Saddle Pivot Plane / gliding
Name an example of the hinge joint
Elbow and knee
Name an example of ball and socket
Hip or shoulder
Name an example of the condyloid/ellipsoid joint
Metacarpophalangeal or radiocarpal (wrist)
Name an example of the saddle joint
Carpometacarpal (thumb)
Name an example of pivot
Radio - ulna or atlas - axis
Name an example of the plane / gliding joint
Acromio - clavicular (AC), midcarpal and mid tarsal
Describe the hinge joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example
Allows movement in one direction
Allows flexion and extension
E.g. elbow
Describe the ball and socket joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example
Allows movement in each plane
Allows flexion, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation and circumduction
Hip or shoulder
Describe the condyloid / ellipsoid joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example
It has an ovoid articular surface, received into an elliptical cavity Allows flexion/extension and abduction and adduction but not rotation Metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckles)
Describe the saddle joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example
Opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex
Multi plane - but again no rotation within the joint capsule
E.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Describe the pivot joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example
Moves by rotating
E.g. atlantoaxial in the neck
Superior radial ulnar joint in the forearm
Describe the plane / gliding joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example
Allows gliding movements in the plane of the articular surfaces. The opposing surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat
E.g. sacroiliac of the pelvis
- intercarpal joint in the hand
