Classification Of Joints

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

Where 2 or more bones come together

Question 2

What are joints also known as?

Answer 2

Articulations

Question 3

What are the 3 types of joint?

Answer 3

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 4

How are fibrous joints connected?

Answer 4

By dense fibrous connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen

Question 5

Are fibrous joints fixed or immobile?

Answer 5

They can be both

Question 6

Where are fibrous joints found?

Answer 6

Between the bones of the skull

Question 7

How are cartilaginous joints connected?

Answer 7

Entirely by cartilage

Question 8

What are the 2 types of cartilage?

Answer 8

Fibrocartilage

Hyaline/articular cartilage

Question 9

What is an example of fibrocartilage?

Answer 9

Inter - vertebral discs or pubic symphysis

Question 10

What does hyaline/articular cartilage do?

Answer 10

Covers the end of the bone

Question 11

How mobile are cartilaginous joints?

Answer 11

Allow more movement between bones than the highly mobile synovial joint

Question 12

What are synovial joints?

Answer 12

They are a joint capsule

Question 13

What do the ligaments do?

Answer 13

They stabilise and restrain movement

Question 14

Where is articular / hyaline cartilage found

Answer 14

Articular / hyaline cartilage surrounds articular surfaces

Question 15

What do some synovial joints have and where are they found?

Answer 15

Some have fibrocartilage disc or menisci e.g. the knee

Some have a synovial pouch (bursa)

Question 16

Name all the types of synovial joint

Answer 16

Hinge
Ball and socket
Condyloid/ellipsoid
Saddle
Pivot
Plane / gliding

Question 17

Name an example of the hinge joint

Answer 17

Elbow and knee

Question 18

Name an example of ball and socket

Answer 18

Hip or shoulder

Question 19

Name an example of the condyloid/ellipsoid joint

Answer 19

Metacarpophalangeal or radiocarpal (wrist)

Question 20

Name an example of the saddle joint

Answer 20

Carpometacarpal (thumb)

Question 21

Name an example of pivot

Answer 21

Radio - ulna or atlas - axis

Question 22

Name an example of the plane / gliding joint

Answer 22

Acromio - clavicular (AC), midcarpal and mid tarsal

Question 23

Describe the hinge joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example

Answer 23

Allows movement in one direction
Allows flexion and extension
E.g. elbow

Question 24

Describe the ball and socket joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example

Answer 24

Allows movement in each plane
Allows flexion, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation and circumduction
Hip or shoulder

Question 25

Describe the condyloid / ellipsoid joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example

Answer 25

It has an ovoid articular surface, received into an elliptical cavity
Allows flexion/extension and abduction and adduction but not rotation
Metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckles)

Question 26

Describe the saddle joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example

Answer 26

Opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex
Multi plane - but again no rotation within the joint capsule
E.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 27

Describe the pivot joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example

Answer 27

Moves by rotating
E.g. atlantoaxial in the neck
Superior radial ulnar joint in the forearm

Question 28

Describe the plane / gliding joint
Plane of movement
Type of movements
Example

Answer 28

Allows gliding movements in the plane of the articular surfaces. The opposing surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat
E.g. sacroiliac of the pelvis
- intercarpal joint in the hand