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Athletic Injuries > Classification of Injuries > Flashcards

Classification of Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Compressive Force

A

A force which produces a crushing or squeezing type of force resulting in soft tissue or bony injury

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2
Q

Tension Force

A

A force which pulls or stretches tissue or bone in the opposite direction

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3
Q

Shear Force

A

A force parallel to a plane passing through the object which tends to cause sliding or displacement

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4
Q

Inflammation

A

Is the fundamental reaction designed to Protect, Localize, and Rid the body of injured tissue in preparation for healing and repair

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5
Q

S.H.A.R.P

A

Swelling
Heat
Altered Function
Redness
Pain

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6
Q

I.C.E.R

A

Ice
Compression
Elevation
Rest

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7
Q

Contusion

A

A bruise/hematoma
- Can involve soft tissue or bone
- Categorized by degree of severity

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8
Q

Periostitis

A

The inflammation of the covering of a bone
- Often appears as skin rigidity of the overlying muscles

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9
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

An inflammatory disease of a muscle marked by a bony deposit within the muscle in response to trauma

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10
Q

Ecchymosis

A

The escape of blood into the tissue from ruptured blood vessels

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11
Q

Intermuscular Hematoma

A

Swelling between the muscles
- swelling able to move and there is great potential for colour
Etiology:
- Direct blow
- Contact with an opponent or an object

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12
Q

Intramuscular Hematoma

A

Swelling deep to fascia and the surrounding muscle
- hard to break up because the swelling is well confined
Etiology:
- Direct blow
- Contact with an opponent or an object

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13
Q

Sprain

A

The stretching or tearing of the supporting connective tissues including the joint capsule and supporting ligaments
Etiology:
- Direct trauma
- Indirect trauma to a joint causing stress on the ligaments

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14
Q

First Degree Sprain

A

Signs/Symptoms
- Slight if any swelling
- Transitory pain at the time of the injury
- Mild point tenderness (size of a dime)
- Little to no discolouration
- Transitory loss of function primarily due to SHARP
- Stress of ligament causes pain but little laxity

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15
Q

Second Degree Sprain

A

Signs/Symptoms
- Moderate to severe swelling
- Moderate to severe pain
- Localized tenderness
- Discolouration
- Loss of function
- Stress of ligament causes pain and some degree of laxity but with a stoppage or ‘End Feel’ of the ligament

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16
Q

Third Degree Sprain

A

Signs/Symptoms
- Moderate to severe swellign
- Severe pain at time of injury (possible no pain)
- Diffuse palpable tenderness
- Ecchymosis
- Loss of function
- Stress of ligaments shows complete loss of joint stability

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17
Q

Strains

A

Local tissue trauma to the muscle, musculotendinous unit or the muscle tendon from an excessive forcible contraction of overstretch

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18
Q

First Degree Strain

A

Signs/Symptoms
- Slight Swelling
- Pain is localized
- Slight loss of Strength
- Slight loss of flexibility
- Little or no discolouration

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19
Q

Second Degree Strain

A

Signs/Symptoms
- Measurable swelling
- Indefinable pain (General)
- Moderate loss of strength (graded)
- Moderate loss of flexibility
- Obvious discolouration

20
Q

Third Degree Strain

A

Signs/Symptoms
- Visible, apparent swelling
- Severe pain
- Complete loss of range of motion or excessive motion
- Obvious discolouration
- Muscle bunching
- Athlete will hear snap

21
Q

Circumference

A

The measurement of girth and swelling at and around a joint

22
Q

Extensibility

A

Placing the affected muscle on stretch
The degree of pain and restriction is an indicator of the severity of the injury

23
Q

Contractibility

A

Testing for a weakness in muscle where the muscle cannot contract sufficiently

24
Q

Dislocations

A

Result from forces causing the joint to go beyond the joints normal anatomical limits

25
Q

Subluxations

A

Partial dislocations which spontaneously reduce themselves

26
Q

Neuropraxia

A

The mildest form of nerve injury with little to no disruption of the nerve sheath and the axon remains intact
Signs/Symptoms
- Numbness and tingling
- Weakness and atrophy

27
Q

Axonotmesis

A

Disruption of the axon and surrounding endoneurial sheath
Temporary paralysis –> nerve will regenerate up to 80%

28
Q

Neurotmesis

A

Damage to most of the nerve structures including; the axon, the myelin and the surrounding connective tissue
Recovery is poor - 30-40%

29
Q

Fracture

A

A complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of an excessive external force

30
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture

A

A fracture near or through the epiphysis or epiphyseal plate and can affect a growing bone

31
Q

Closed Fracture

A

There is a break in the bone with or without deformity, but the skin has not been penetrated

32
Q

Open Fracture

A

The bone is protruding through the skin

33
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Incomplete breaks in bones that have not completely ossified, such as the bones of adolescents

34
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Fracture that consists of three or more fragments at the fracture site

35
Q

Linear Fracture

A

The bone splits along its length

36
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Occur in a straight line, more or less at right angles to the bone shaft

37
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Occur when one end of the bone receives sudden torsion or twisting while the other end is fixed

38
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Fractures that have an S-shaped separation

39
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

Long bone to receive, directly on its axis, a force of such magnitude that the osseous tissue is compressed

40
Q

Avulsion Fracture

A

The separation of a bone fragment from its cortex at an attachment of a ligament or tendon

41
Q

Blowout Fracture

A

Occur to the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye

42
Q

Serrated Fracture

A

The two bony fragments have a saw-tooth, sharp-edged fracture line

43
Q

Depressed Fracture

A

Occur most often in flat bones, such as those found in the skull

44
Q

Contrecoup Fracture

A

Occur on the side opposite the point at which trauma was initiated

45
Q

Osteochondritis Dissecans

A

Occur when a fragment of cartilage and underlying bone detach from the articular surface of the bone resulting in the fragment moving around the joint and potentially “locking” the joint in flexion or extension

46
Q

The Ottawa Ankle Rules

A

Ankle X-ray only required if pain by palpation occurs in:
- The distal malleolar region
- The base of the fifth metatarsal
- The navicular bone
- Unable to weight bear

Athletic Injuries (3 decks)

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