Classification of hadith according to authority Flashcards
Divine hadith
Text whose isnad ends with Allah SWT. includes Quran and divine tradition
- not great in number
Divine hadith
Text whose isnad ends with Allah SWT. includes Quran and divine tradition
- not great in number
Marfu’ hadith
- Hadith attributed to the Prophet SWS
- What a companion has reported concerning a saying, act, approval or attribute of the Prophet SWS
- (EXAMPLE is the hadith about intentions)
- companions tafseer of verses
- Anything a companion said that they couldnt have concluded on their own
Mawquf
- Stopped
- hadith with continuous chain leading to a companion
- commentary from a companion that was known to be influenced by jews or christians
Maqtu’
Mutawaatir
Hadith narrated by large number of people so much that it is impossible to have been a lie
-relies on number not on qualifications
Types:
Verbal: verbatim transmission of the saying of the Prophet SWS, few in number
Conceptual: reports through different channels which support a common theme or meaning
Ahad hadith
Does not meet requirements of mutawaatir
Narrated by 1, 2, or 3 persons at every level
Gharib
Narrated by only 1 narrator at any link of the isnad
‘Aziz hadith
none of the links in the chain contains less than two narrators
Mashur hadith
hadith narrated by 3 or more narrators in all links of the isnad
Sahih hadith
tradition with a continuous chain of upright and perfect reporters
Requirements:
- continuity of chain of authority
- uprightness and retentiveness
- Must not contradict another hadith
- Absence of any defects
Classified into
- Intrinsically sound (sahih dhatih), when it meets all basic requirements of sahih
- Extrinsically sound (sahih li-ghayrih) contains a point of weakness on account of retentiveness but it’s made up by multiple other paths of transmission
Why is Bukhari more prestigious than Muslim?
- Stricter in qualifying sahih
- isnad links needed to be contemporaries of one another, and actually had to meet and direct hearing took place between them
Muslim vs Bukhari
- Muslim wanted to include more sahih traditions which were not included in Bukhari
- He also shortened the chain of transmission between him and the Prophet SWS by quoting Bukhari’s teachers
Hasan (fairly authentic)
A hadith whose narrators have not attained the highest degree of accuracy but they were known for truthfulness and is devoid of defect
-is a binding legal proof equal to sahih
Hasan li ghayrih (extrinsically fair)- belong to grade 5 & 6 of Ibn Hajar grading scale. originally weak hadith and cannot be accepted.
-Refrain from using these for legal rulings and more for virtuous deeds
Muhkam hadith
text which is so self evident it does not need an explanation. No ambiguity or abrogation. most hadith in this category are prophetic traditions, moral behaviour, principles of belief and stories of the past
Mukhtalif hadith
contradictory or conflicting.
- two authentic hadith with conflicting meanings
- there is reconciliation between them
- command acceptance but difficult to understand due to conflict
How to reconcile between hadith
- Jam’ - contradiction is only apparent and can be explained
Why was there a contradiction?
- Misunderstanding on part of the recipient
- deletion of key word in text
- scope and subject matter
- missing correlation between general and specifying texts
- entails permissibility of both conflicting acts
- decontextualizing hadith
Abrogating and abrogated hadith
Naskh- suspension or replacement of one ruling by another
provided that:
- the latter one is of a later origin
- the two rulings were revealed seperately
Pre-reqs for Abrogation
- Clear conflict between two hadith
- possible to establish chronological order between two hadith
- Must be verified that the abrogating hadith is of later origin than the one it abrogates
Pre-reqs in the text subjected to abrogation:
- subject matter of hadith must be open to abrogation
- Mainly applies to ahkam rulings.
- Does not apply to factual statements
Types of abrogation
- by the statement of a companion
- Or proved by chronological sequence of events
Types of abrogation
- Through Ijma’
- Explicitly from the Prophet SWS
- By a statement of a companion
- chronological sequence of events
Preference of one hadith over another
- preference by virtue of transmitter
- mode of reception and delivery
- preference due to integrity of the text
- preference by means of chronological order
