classification of diabetes

Question 1

autoantibodies against what things are implicated in diabetes?

Answer 1

islet cells (ICA), insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), insulinoma associated antigen 2 (IA-2), IA-2Beta

Question 2

what is slow acting diabetes type 1 called?

Answer 2

LADA latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood

Question 3

idiopathic type 1 (type 1B)

Answer 3

DKA present, obese but have lost a lot of weight, mild ketosis, waxing and waning Beta cell function

Question 4

type 2 etiology

Answer 4

no autoimmune but genetic

Question 5

insulin resistance develops where

Answer 5

fat, muscle, liver

Question 6

glucosuria leads to…

Answer 6

osmotic diuresis, polyuria and then polydipsia

Question 7

associations with diabetes

Answer 7

obesity, waist circumfrence (visceral adiposity) and acanthosis nigricans

Question 8

type 2 diabetes octet

Answer 8

impaired insulin secretion
excessive hepatic glucose output
decrease glucose uptake by the muscle
insulin resistance in the brain
increased glucagon secretion from alpha cells of the pancreatic islet
increased lipolysis from the fat cell
increased glucose reabsorption at the level of the kidney
decreased incretin effect from the GI tract

Question 9

incretins, type and receptor

Answer 9

GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide 1), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP); act on GPCR @ beta cell