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Module 4 > Classification & Evolution > Flashcards

Classification & Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we classify

A

Identify species
Predict characteristic
Evolutionary links

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2
Q

Classification definition

A

The process of naming & organising organisms into groups based on their characteristics & their similarity

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3
Q

Taxonomic hierarchy in order:

A

D omain
K ingdom
P hylum
C lass
O rder
F amily
G enus
S pecies

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4
Q

Species definition

A

A group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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5
Q

What the binomial nomenclature (naming system)

A
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6
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms

A

Prokaeyotae (bacteria) - only prokaryotes

Protoctista (unicellular eukaryotes)

Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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7
Q

Prokaryotae features

A
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8
Q

Protoctista features

A
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9
Q

Heterotrophic vs autotrophic vs saprophytic features

A

Heterotrophs -> ingestion of other organism
Autotrophs -> nutrients acquired by photosynthesis & make own food
Saprotrophs -> feeding on decaying material e.g. can be parasitic e.g. fungi

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10
Q

Fungi kingdom features

A
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11
Q

Plantae features kingdom

A
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12
Q

Plantae features kingdom

A
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13
Q

Animalia kingdom features

A
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14
Q

Difference between old and new classification system e.g. their basis

A
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15
Q

The 3 domains in the new system

A
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16
Q

Systems in classification e.g, 6 kingdom vs 5 kingdom vs 3 domains

A
17
Q

What’s phylogeny

A

The name given to the evolutionary relationships between organisms
Often represented in phylogenetic trees
Classifications uses knowledge of phylogenetic in order to confirm the classification groups are correct e.g. how we distinguish between dolphin & fish

18
Q

Evidence for evolution

A
19
Q

Contribution of Darwin & Wallace

A
20
Q

What’s sympatric speciation

A

2 populations = same location

21
Q

Interspecific vs intraspecific variation

A

between members of different species = inter
intra = differences between organisms of the same species

22
Q

What 2 factors cause variation

A

Genetic material inherited from parents
The environment in which the organism lives

23
Q

Genetic causes of variation

A
24
Q

Discontinuous vs continuous variation

A
25
Q

What are adaptations & what are the 3 types u can get

A
26
Q

Examples of adaptations (behavioural anatomical & physiological examples)

A
27
Q

Why can diff taxonomic groups have the same structural features

A

Analogous structures
Convergent evolution

28
Q

What are analogous structures

A

When structures have adapted to perform the same function but have diff genetic origin e.g. tail fins of fish versus whales

29
Q

What is convergent evolution

A

When unrelated species show similar traits
Occurs when organism adapt to similar environments or selection pressures
Due to adapting for similar niches

30
Q

Examples of plants & animals that have similar adaptations

A
31
Q

Examples of plants & animals that have similar adaptations

A
32
Q

Natural selection steps

A

Module 4 (3 decks)

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