Classification & Evolution Flashcards
Why do we classify
Identify species
Predict characteristic
Evolutionary links
Classification definition
The process of naming & organising organisms into groups based on their characteristics & their similarity
Taxonomic hierarchy in order:
D omain
K ingdom
P hylum
C lass
O rder
F amily
G enus
S pecies
Species definition
A group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What the binomial nomenclature (naming system)
What are the 5 kingdoms
Prokaeyotae (bacteria) - only prokaryotes
Protoctista (unicellular eukaryotes)
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryotae features
Protoctista features
Heterotrophic vs autotrophic vs saprophytic features
Heterotrophs -> ingestion of other organism
Autotrophs -> nutrients acquired by photosynthesis & make own food
Saprotrophs -> feeding on decaying material e.g. can be parasitic e.g. fungi
Fungi kingdom features
Plantae features kingdom
Plantae features kingdom
Animalia kingdom features
Difference between old and new classification system e.g. their basis
The 3 domains in the new system
Systems in classification e.g, 6 kingdom vs 5 kingdom vs 3 domains
What’s phylogeny
The name given to the evolutionary relationships between organisms
Often represented in phylogenetic trees
Classifications uses knowledge of phylogenetic in order to confirm the classification groups are correct e.g. how we distinguish between dolphin & fish
Evidence for evolution
Contribution of Darwin & Wallace
What’s sympatric speciation
2 populations = same location
Interspecific vs intraspecific variation
between members of different species = inter
intra = differences between organisms of the same species
What 2 factors cause variation
Genetic material inherited from parents
The environment in which the organism lives
Genetic causes of variation
Discontinuous vs continuous variation
What are adaptations & what are the 3 types u can get
Examples of adaptations (behavioural anatomical & physiological examples)
Why can diff taxonomic groups have the same structural features
Analogous structures
Convergent evolution
What are analogous structures
When structures have adapted to perform the same function but have diff genetic origin e.g. tail fins of fish versus whales
What is convergent evolution
When unrelated species show similar traits
Occurs when organism adapt to similar environments or selection pressures
Due to adapting for similar niches
Examples of plants & animals that have similar adaptations
Examples of plants & animals that have similar adaptations
Natural selection steps
