classification and evolutionary history

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

change in the genetic makeup of organisms from generation to generation caused by a mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.

Question 2

natural selection

Answer 2

a process in nature in which organisms possessing certain genotypic characteristics that make them better adjusted to an environment tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number or frequency, and therefore, are able to pass on their genetic traits to their offspring and succeeding generations

Question 3

Charles Darwin

Answer 3

English naturalist; established that all species of life have descended from a common ancestor. He proposed natural selection.

Question 4

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 4

Swedish biologist who developed the classification system

Question 5

classification system

Answer 5

a bookkeeping system to make some order out of all the specimens he and other naturalists collected on expeditions; kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Question 6

phylogenetic tree

Answer 6

history of lineages of organisms as they change through time.
○ Nodes depict where one species diverges into two or more species.
○ Synapomorphy: shared derived traits that other organisms do not have.