Classification and Evolution Flashcards
classification
process of naming and organising organisms into groups based on charateristics
groups in the classification hierarchy
,domain, kingdom ,phylum, class, order, family ,genus, species
components of a binomial name
generic name = genus
specific name = species
advantage of binomial
.universal
five kingdoms
prokaryote, protoctista, fungi, plantae, animalia
three domains
bacteria, archaea, eukaryota
how organisms are classified into kingdoms
by similarities in obervable characteristics
how domain system was developed
.by analysing molecular differences between organisms to determine theri evolutionary relationships
phylogeny
investigates the evolutionary relationships between organisms
how natural selection results in evolution
.random mutations result in new alleles
.new alleles provide and advantage against selection pressures making an individual more likely to survive and reproduce
.their offspring receive the new allele and have evolved a new charateristic
Darwin and Wallace contribution
.birds have different beak shapes
.birds with the most suited beak to the food are more likely to survive and bring their beak shape onto their offspring
evidence of evolution
fossils = able to compare extinct organisms to today’s organisms
genomic DNA = sequencing of genomes shows how closely related different organisms are
molecular = proteins are composed of the same 20 amino acids in all organisms
causes of variation
genetic = mutations, random, fertilisation
enviromental = climate, diet, culture
intraspecific variation
variation within the same species
interspecific variation
variation between different species
