Classification and Evolution Flashcards
define classification
process of naming and organising organisms into groups based off characteristics
name the 8 groups an organism can be categorised into
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what are the two components to a binomial name
generic name=genus the organism belongs to
specific name=species the organism belongs to
what is the advantage of the binomial naming system
universal
name the 5 kingdoms
animalia
plantae
fungi
prokaryote
protocista
name the 3 domains
archaea
eukaryota
bacteria
how are organisms classified into kingdoms
based on similarities in observable characteristics
how was the domain system of classifications developed
by analysis of molecular differences between organisms to determine evolutionary relationships (phylogeny)
what is the difference between classification and phylogeny
classification=sorting organisms into groups
phylogeny=evolutionary relationships between organisms
explain how natural selection results in evolution
random mutations result in new alleles
some alleles are advantageous against selection pressures-individual more likely to survive and reproduce offspring receive new allele-evolved new characteristic
how did Darwin and Wallace contribute to evolution
observed that birds have different beak shapes
birds with beak shape better adapted to the food they eat more likely to survive and reproduce passing on characteristic
give other evidence for the theory of evolution
fossils=compare extinct organisms to todays organisms
genomic DNA=sequences of genomes show how closely related
molecular=proteins composed of same 20 amino acids in all organism
what causes variation
genetic-mutations and random fertilisation
environmental-climate, diet, culture
what is intraspecific variation
variation within same species
what is interspecific variation
variation between different species
