Classification and Etiology of Perio Diseases Flashcards
What is gingivitis?
Inflammation of the Gingiva
Define Periodontitis…
Inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Usually a progressively destructive change leading to loss of bone and periodontal ligament. An extension of inflammation from gingiva into the adjacent bone and ligament.
What are the 8 Classifications of periodontal disease?
- Gingival diseases
- Chronic periodontitis
- Aggressive periodontitis
- Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases
- Necrotizing periodontal diseases
- Abscesses of the periodontium
- Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions
- Developmental or acquired deformities and conditions
Describe dental plaque-induced gingival diseases…
Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only
Most common form of gingival diseases
Reversible once treated
Prevalence >90%
Characterized by the presence of clinical signs of inflammation confined to the gingiva
What are gingival diseases modified by medications?
Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
Increasing in prevalence due to the increasing use of: Anti-convulsant drug (50% of pts)s: Phenytoin Calcium channel blocker (25% of its)s: Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem Immunosuppressive drug (33% of its)s: Cyclosporin A
What 3 origins contribute to nonplaque-induced gingival lesions?
Gingival diseases of: Bacterial origin Neisseria gonorrhea, Treponema pallidum Viral origin Herpes simplex viruses 1 & 2, Varicella zoster virus Fungal origin Candidasis, histoplasmosis
What are traumatic lesions of the gingiva?
Nonplaque-induced gingival lesions Traumatic lesions Factitial Toothbrush trauma Accidental Damage through minor burns from hot food or drinks
What are 3 classifications of periodontitis?
Chronic periodontitis
Aggressive periodontitis
Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases
Describe Chronic Periodontitis…
Associated with plaque and calculus
irreversible
Generally slow to moderate rate of progression
Extent and severity may be increase with host-modifying factors
Diabetes, smoking, and stress
Chronic periodontitis descriptors according tot he AAP update in 2015…
Localized < 30% of sites Generalized > 30% of sites Severity Slight, moderate, severe
2015 update
Generalized chronic periodontitis may be classified as periodontitis without a clear pattern of disease distribution of the affected teeth or >30% of teeth affected
age at detection be considered as a guideline in diagnosing aggressive periodontal diseases. The recommended age of younger than 25 years at the time of detection can be used, along with other diagnostic criteria.
Describe what slight periodontitis is according to the update in 2015?
Probing depths...>3 & <5 mm BOP...Y Rad bone loss...Up to 15% of root length or ≥ 2mm & ≤3 mm CAL...1-2mm
Describe what moderate periodontitis is according to the update in 2015?
PD…≥5 & <7 mm
BOP…Y
Rad Bone Loss…16-30% or > 3mm & ≤5 mm
CAL…3-4mm
Describe what severe periodontitis is according to the update in 2015?
PD…≥7 mm
BOP…Y
Rad Bone Loss…>30% or > 5mm
CAL 5+mm
What is aggressive periodontitis?
Rapid attachment loss and bone destruction
Amount of microbial deposits inconsistent with disease severity
Familial aggregation of diseased individuals
Describe Localized Aggressive Periodontitis…
Circumpubertal onset
Specific, robust serum antibody response
Localized to first molar or incisor
Describe Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis…
Poor serum antibody response
Generalized proximal attachment loss affecting at least 3 permanent teeth other than first molars and incisors
What 2 disease categories make up periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases?
Hematologic disorders
Genetic Disease
What are some examples of Perio Hematologic Disorders?
Leukemia & Acquired Neutropenia
What are some examples of Perio Genetic Diseases?
Cyclic neutropenia, Down syndrome, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
What are the 2 categories of necrotizing periodontal diseases?
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)
Describe NUG, what 3 elements constitute a diagnosis?
Predisposing factors: Stress, smoking, poor oral hygiene, & immunosupression Diagnosis based on three criteria: 1. Interproximal necrosis 2. Pain 3. Bleeding
Describe NUP…
Loss of attachment and bone
Ulceration and necrosis of gingival
Rapid destruction and exposure of underlying bone
Spontaneous bleeding and severe pain
What 4 clinical manifestations may come with an abscess?
Localized purulent infection May exhibit one or more of the following: Gingival swelling Draining fistula Pain on percussion Increased mobility