classification and biodiversity Flashcards
what is phylogenetic?
reflecting evolutionary relatedness
what is taxonomy?
identification and naming of organisms
what is a taxon?
group within a system of classification
what are the 5 kingdoms?
plant
animal
fungi
protoctists
prokaryota
what are the 3 domains?
eukarya
archaea
bacteria
what are the 8 classification names?
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what is the binomial system?
giving organisms unique names with 2 parts
genus then species
how do you assess relatedness with physical features?
look at either homologous structures or analogous structures
what are homologous structures?
structures in different species with similar anatomical position and development origin
same structure different function
what are analogous structures?
structures that have corresponding function and similar shape but have different development origin
same function different structure
how do you assess relatedness with genetic evidence?
look at similarity of DNA sequences
DNA hybridisation
degree in similarity of amino acid sequence
immunology
what is DNA hybridisation?
comparison of DNA base sequences in 2 species
DNA extracted, separated, put into fragments
how can immunology be used to assess relatedness of species?
proteins of different species are compared by mixing antigens of a species with antibodies of another species
antigens and antibodies make precipitate
more precipitate made the closer the evolutionary relationship is
what is biodiversity?
number of species and number of individuals of each species in a given environment
what are the reasons why biodiversity can vary?
succession
natural selection
human influence
what is succession?
process of change in species structure and composition of an ecological community over time
what are physiological adaptions?
internal workings within the organism which helps it to survive
what are anatomical adaptions?
adaptions in structures which can be observed or seen when organism is dissected
what is polymorphism?
occurrence of more than 1 phenotype that cannot be accounted for
what is a polymorphic gene?
has 2 or more alleles
