Classification Flashcards
radial symmetry (4)
- symmetry about a central axis
- does not have a left and right side
- ANY imaginary slice divides the animal into mirror images
- like a starfish or a tulip flower or sea anemone
bilateral symmetry (2)
- symmetry about only one axis
2. has a left and a right side
moneran (3)
- prokaryotes
- no nucleus
- single-celled
protist (8)
- diverse
- mostly unicellular (or unicellular-colonial)
- eukaryotic
- most elaborate cells
- organelles that other eukaryotes do not have
- can be autotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs
- all three forms of nutrition have arisen independently
- varied reproduction and life cycles: can be asexual and/or sexual
fern (2)
- seedless
2. vascular
moss (2)
- seedless
2. NONvascular
gymnosperm (1)
- “naked seeds”: seeds NOT enclosed in chambers
angiosperm (2)
- all flowering plants
2. seeds DO develop in chambers
monocot (6)
- ONE cotyledon
- veins PARALLEL
- vascular tissue SCATTERED
- root stems FIBROUS (NO main root)
- pollen grain with ONE opening
- floral organs in multiples of THREE
dicot (6)
- TWO cotyledons
- veins Netlike
- vascular tissue in a RING
- main root IS present
- pollen grain with THREE openings
- floral organs in multiples of FOUR or FIVE
paraphyletic (3)
- group of organisms
- consisting of a common ancestor
- and SOME but NOT all of its descendants
monophyletic (3)
- group of organisms
- consisting of a common ancestor
- and ALL of its descendants
polyphyletic (3)
- group of organisms
- NOT including the common ancestor
- because at least one of the organisms is on a different “branch”
sporophyte
the diploid multicellular stage in the lifecycle of a plant or alga
stamen
the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower
Consist of Anther and filament
Mnemonic for classification
King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti
Supergroups of eukaryotes
- Excavata
- SAR (Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria)
- Archaeplastida
- Unikonta
Excavata
- supergroup of eukaryotes
- some members have “excavated” groove on one side of the cell body
- two major clades, parabasalids and diplomonads, have highly-reduced mitochondria
- third clade, euglenozoans, have unique flagella
- includes parasitic, predatory, and photosynthetic species
Clade
Monophyletic group; a group consisting of all descendants of a now-extinct progenitor species, called the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) or the last common ancestor (LCA), plus the common ancestor itself.
SAR
- includes three large and very diverse clades:
Stramenopila includes some of the most important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms, which are important in aquatic communities
Alveolata includes photosynthetic species and pathogens, like Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria
Rhizaria - stramenophiles and alveolates originated by secondary endosymbiosis when a heterotrophic protist engulfed a reg alga
Archaeplastida
- includes
red algae and green algae, including unicellular, unicellular colonial, and multicellular species (like seaweed)
plants - key photosynthetic species that form the base of the food web in many aquatic communities
Unikonta
- includes:
Plants
Aminals
Amoeba
gametophyte
the haploid multicellular stage in the lifecycle of a plant or alga
gametophyte
the haploid multicellular stage in the lifecycle of a plant or alga
Archenteron
Smthng inside gastrula
Amniotes
Animals with specific amniotic egg, which contains specialized membranes, including the fluid-filled amnion, that protect the embryo. Amniotes include mammals as well as birds and other reptiles.
Mutualism
- Type of symbiosis
- +/+
- Rhinoceros and birds
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and roots of legumes
- Fungus and algae = lichen
- Protozoa and termites
Commensalism
- Type of symbios is
- +/0
- The remora(sharksucker) and shark
- The arancle and whale
Parasitism
- Type of symbiosis
2. +/-
