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SAT Subject Test: Biology > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

radial symmetry (4)

A
  1. symmetry about a central axis
  2. does not have a left and right side
  3. ANY imaginary slice divides the animal into mirror images
  4. like a starfish or a tulip flower or sea anemone
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2
Q

bilateral symmetry (2)

A
  1. symmetry about only one axis

2. has a left and a right side

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3
Q

moneran (3)

A
  1. prokaryotes
  2. no nucleus
  3. single-celled
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4
Q

protist (8)

A
  1. diverse
  2. mostly unicellular (or unicellular-colonial)
  3. eukaryotic
  4. most elaborate cells
  5. organelles that other eukaryotes do not have
  6. can be autotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs
  7. all three forms of nutrition have arisen independently
  8. varied reproduction and life cycles: can be asexual and/or sexual
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5
Q

fern (2)

A
  1. seedless

2. vascular

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6
Q

moss (2)

A
  1. seedless

2. NONvascular

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7
Q

gymnosperm (1)

A
  1. “naked seeds”: seeds NOT enclosed in chambers
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8
Q

angiosperm (2)

A
  1. all flowering plants

2. seeds DO develop in chambers

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9
Q

monocot (6)

A
  1. ONE cotyledon
  2. veins PARALLEL
  3. vascular tissue SCATTERED
  4. root stems FIBROUS (NO main root)
  5. pollen grain with ONE opening
  6. floral organs in multiples of THREE
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10
Q

dicot (6)

A
  1. TWO cotyledons
  2. veins Netlike
  3. vascular tissue in a RING
  4. main root IS present
  5. pollen grain with THREE openings
  6. floral organs in multiples of FOUR or FIVE
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11
Q

paraphyletic (3)

A
  1. group of organisms
  2. consisting of a common ancestor
  3. and SOME but NOT all of its descendants
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12
Q

monophyletic (3)

A
  1. group of organisms
  2. consisting of a common ancestor
  3. and ALL of its descendants
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13
Q

polyphyletic (3)

A
  1. group of organisms
  2. NOT including the common ancestor
  3. because at least one of the organisms is on a different “branch”
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14
Q

sporophyte

A

the diploid multicellular stage in the lifecycle of a plant or alga

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15
Q

stamen

A

the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower

Consist of Anther and filament

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16
Q

Mnemonic for classification

A 
King
Philip
Came
Over
For
Great
Spaghetti
17
Q

Supergroups of eukaryotes

A
  1. Excavata
  2. SAR (Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria)
  3. Archaeplastida
  4. Unikonta
18
Q

Excavata

A
  1. supergroup of eukaryotes
  2. some members have “excavated” groove on one side of the cell body
  3. two major clades, parabasalids and diplomonads, have highly-reduced mitochondria
  4. third clade, euglenozoans, have unique flagella
  5. includes parasitic, predatory, and photosynthetic species
19
Q

Clade

A

Monophyletic group; a group consisting of all descendants of a now-extinct progenitor species, called the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) or the last common ancestor (LCA), plus the common ancestor itself.

20
Q

SAR

A
  1. includes three large and very diverse clades:
    Stramenopila includes some of the most important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms, which are important in aquatic communities
    Alveolata includes photosynthetic species and pathogens, like Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria
    Rhizaria
  2. stramenophiles and alveolates originated by secondary endosymbiosis when a heterotrophic protist engulfed a reg alga
21
Q

Archaeplastida

A
  1. includes
    red algae and green algae, including unicellular, unicellular colonial, and multicellular species (like seaweed)
    plants
  2. key photosynthetic species that form the base of the food web in many aquatic communities
22
Q

Unikonta

A
  1. includes:
    Plants
    Aminals
    Amoeba
23
Q

gametophyte

A

the haploid multicellular stage in the lifecycle of a plant or alga

24
Q

gametophyte

A

the haploid multicellular stage in the lifecycle of a plant or alga

25
Q

Archenteron

A

Smthng inside gastrula

26
Q

Amniotes

A

Animals with specific amniotic egg, which contains specialized membranes, including the fluid-filled amnion, that protect the embryo. Amniotes include mammals as well as birds and other reptiles.

27
Q

Mutualism

A
  1. Type of symbiosis
  2. +/+
  3. Rhinoceros and birds
  4. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and roots of legumes
  5. Fungus and algae = lichen
  6. Protozoa and termites
28
Q

Commensalism

A
  1. Type of symbios is
  2. +/0
  3. The remora(sharksucker) and shark
  4. The arancle and whale
29
Q

Parasitism

A
  1. Type of symbiosis

2. +/-

SAT Subject Test: Biology (6 decks)

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