Classification Flashcards
What are taxonomic groups?
7 groups of classification ordered into a hierarchy
What is the definition of a species?
If it is able to produce fertile offspring
What is the scientific name for biological naming systems?
Binomial nomenclature
Why are organisms classified?
Identify species
Predict characteristics
Find evolutionary links
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria
Archea
Eukaryota
What taxonomic groups make up a scientific name?
Genus and species
How should a scientific name be written?
In italics or underlined
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryota
Protoctista
Fungi
Name a characteristic if plantae?
Auto trophic so makes own food
Name some characteristics of prokaryota
Uni cellular
Replicate using binary fission
Name some characteristics of protoctista
Uni cellular
Contain nucleus
Name some characteristics of fungi
Absorb nutrients
Name some characteristics of animalia
Heterotrophic eat thing to get energy
Nucleus
What is phylogeny?
Evolutionary link to a taxonomic group of an organism
How can Phylogeny be achieved?
Using fossils
DNA and amino acids
What does a knode show?
Common ancestors
What are the advantages of phylogeny?
Confirm or change Classification groups
Name some evidence of evolution
Paleontology
Biochemistry
Why are fossil records incomplete?
Not all organisms fossilised and not all fossils have been found
What causes genetic variation?
Mutations and alleles
What does interdependent groups mean?
Difference in species
What does intradependant mean?
Differences within the same species
What is discontinuous variation and give an example?
Variation that cam fit into many categories eg. Blood group
What is continuous variation and give an example?
Controlled by many genes influenced by the environment
How is variation represented graphically?
By standard deviation
What percentage of values stand within 1 SD of the mean?
68%
What percentage of values stand between 2 SD of the mean?
95%
What percentage of values stand between 3 SD of the mean?
99.7%
What other tests are used to represent data?
Spearman rank
What does spearman rank show
Correlation between 2 variables
What are the 3 groups if adaptations?
Anatomical
Behavioural
Physiological
What is a unique adaptation about maram grass?
Thick waxy cuticle to prevent eater loss
What are inate behaviours?
Behaviours inherited from parents
What are learnt behaviours?
Behaviours that are dependant on the environment
Give an example of a physiological adaptation
Poison production
What are analogous structures?
Adaptations for the same function but have different genetic origins due to convergent evolution
What is convergent evolution?
Different structures adapting for similar functions
What is a selection pressure?
Pressure put on the organism by the environment eg. Space or disease
What is a selection pressure?
Pressure put on the organism by the environment eg. Space or disease
What is differential reproduction?
Where the advantageous allele is passed on
How are blowflies unique?
They are resistant to some insecticides
What is unique about flavobacterium?
Enzymes cause Mutations found in soul and water areas
