Biodiversity Flashcards
Define biodiversity
The variety of different species living in the same area as each other
Where are the most biodiverse places found?
The equator
What 3 categories are used to measure diversity?
Species
Habitat
Genetic
Define species richness
Number of different species living within a particular area
Define species evenness
Comparison in amount of different species within a community
What is random sampling?
Opportunistic
Stratified
Systematic
Name a method of random sampling
Quadrat
What is non random sampling?
Using belt or line transects in given intervals
Name other sampling techniques
Pooter
Sweep nets
Put fall trap
Kick sampling
How do you measure biodiversity?
Using Simpsons index
What is the bottle neck effect?
Where a natural disaster occurs and only a few individuals from a species survive leaving few alleles in the gene pool
What is the founder effect?
When some individuals from a species colonise a new area there are few individuals to breed with so less alleles in the gene pool
How are humans impacting biodiversity?
Climate change
Global warming
What does monoculture mean?
When farmers only grow one variety of one crop
What are keystone species?
Species which play a major role in maintaining biodiversity
What are niches?
Organisms that have specific roles on the environment
Define conservation
Hands on approach to maintaining habitats for the survival of endangered organisms
Define preservation
Hands off approach to maintaining biodiversity. Natural process
What is in situ conservation?
Conservation that occurs in the natural environment
What is ex situ conservation?
Conservation that occurs in zoos and seed banks
What is tissue culture?
Where fragments of plant tissue are moved to artificial environments to grow
