Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The variety of different species living in the same area as each other

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2
Q

Where are the most biodiverse places found?

A

The equator

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3
Q

What 3 categories are used to measure diversity?

A

Species
Habitat
Genetic

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4
Q

Define species richness

A

Number of different species living within a particular area

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5
Q

Define species evenness

A

Comparison in amount of different species within a community

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6
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Opportunistic
Stratified
Systematic

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7
Q

Name a method of random sampling

A

Quadrat

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8
Q

What is non random sampling?

A

Using belt or line transects in given intervals

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9
Q

Name other sampling techniques

A

Pooter
Sweep nets
Put fall trap
Kick sampling

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10
Q

How do you measure biodiversity?

A

Using Simpsons index

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11
Q

What is the bottle neck effect?

A

Where a natural disaster occurs and only a few individuals from a species survive leaving few alleles in the gene pool

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12
Q

What is the founder effect?

A

When some individuals from a species colonise a new area there are few individuals to breed with so less alleles in the gene pool

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13
Q

How are humans impacting biodiversity?

A

Climate change
Global warming

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14
Q

What does monoculture mean?

A

When farmers only grow one variety of one crop

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15
Q

What are keystone species?

A

Species which play a major role in maintaining biodiversity

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16
Q

What are niches?

A

Organisms that have specific roles on the environment

17
Q

Define conservation

A

Hands on approach to maintaining habitats for the survival of endangered organisms

18
Q

Define preservation

A

Hands off approach to maintaining biodiversity. Natural process

19
Q

What is in situ conservation?

A

Conservation that occurs in the natural environment

20
Q

What is ex situ conservation?

A

Conservation that occurs in zoos and seed banks

21
Q

What is tissue culture?

A

Where fragments of plant tissue are moved to artificial environments to grow