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classification Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the taxonomic hierarchy?

A

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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2
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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3
Q

What are the five kingdoms?

A

Prokaryota
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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4
Q

Archaea

A

prokaryotic cells
Similar size range as bacteria, but not bacteria as :
-Unique lipids in membrane
-No peptidoglycan in walls
-Ribosomal structure more similar to eukaryotic ribosomes than bacteria
-DNA transcription is more similar to eukaryotes

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5
Q

Eubacteria

A

-prokaryotic cells
-Vary in size over wide range where the smallest is bigger than the largest viruses but the largest are smaller than the size of the smallest eukaryotes
-divide by binary fission

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6
Q

Eukaryotes

A

-eukaryotic cells with nuclei and membrane bound organelles
-Vary massively in size
-Divide by mitosis
-Can reproduce, asexually or sexually

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7
Q

Prokaryota

A

-do not have membrane-bound organelles E.G.nucleus
-70 S. Ribosomes.
-Ranging from 1 to 5 micro metres
-Peptidoglycan cell wall
-Contain plasmids a nucleus as no nucleus (naked DNA, that is not associated with histones in cytoplasm)
-Tend to be unicellular
-Smaller than eukaryotic cells

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8
Q

Protoctista

A

-eukaryotic
-No cell wall
-Mostly free, living and single celled, but many algae are multicellular
-The Chlorella contains chloroplast, second display photo, autotrophic, nutrition, others display, heterotrophic, nutrition,
-share many features with animal, select a amoeba, which eat algae or bacteria.
-Can even feed using extracellular enzymes, which is the same mode of action is fungi

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9
Q

Fungi

A

-eukaryotic
-Cell walls contain chitin
-Can exist as single cells (yeast) or will have mycelium, which consist of hyphae(white filaments)
-Cytoplasm is multinucleate
-Sacrophytic and carry out sacrophytic nutrition (process, decaying/dead organisms by releasing extracellular enzymes)

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10
Q

Plantae

A

-cellulose cell wall
-Multi cellular
-Carry out autotrophic nutrition through photosynthesis, which is a source of energy
-Photoautotrophic
-Chemoautotrophic (ammonia to nitrates, nitrates use chemical energy)
-Chlorophyll absorb light energy to carry out photoautotrophic nutrition

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11
Q

Animalia

A

-eukaryotic
-Heterotrophic nutrition
-Multicellular
-No cell wall
-80s ribosomes
-Contain membrane-bound organelles
-Respond to stimuli through nervous coordination, which allows them to move around which is a nervous system

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12
Q

CARL WOESE

A

-famous for splitting prokaryotes into eubacteria and archae
Study:
-split RNA genes of ribosomes into fragments that could be sorted and compared with other fragments
-The most symbol of the patterns between species are more closely related

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13
Q

CARL LINNAEUS

A

published the taxonomic hierarchy system
8 main hierarchical levels

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14
Q

What is phylum?

A

all organisms are sorted based on their basic body design e.g. whether they have a backbone

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15
Q

What is class?

A

organisms are groups based on general traits e.g. The number of limbs

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16
Q

What is order?

A

based on more specific information e.g. wolves and cows in the mammalian class

17
Q

What is family?

A

A group of closely related genera
e.g. dogs and cats are divided at the family level (canines and felines)

18
Q

What is genus?

A

A group of closely related species e.g. the hominid genus containing Homo erectus and Homo sapiens

19
Q

What are species?

A

The basic unit of classification in the system, in which all members show a little variation
Being able to produce fertile offspring

20
Q

What does the ‘S’ refer to in ribosomes?

A

The sedimentation coefficient, which is the rate at which they settle or form a sediment in solution

21
Q

Differences between archaea and bacteria

A

-archae rely on lipids while bacteria have ester-lipids
-RNA polymerases for synthesising RNA
-mechanisms for DNA replication and synthesising RNA

22
Q

Similarities between archae and bacteria

A

-have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
-Reproduce asexually by binary fission, fragmentation, or budding

Biology (13 decks)

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