Classification Flashcards
What are the two major systems for the classification of mental disorders?
ICD-11
DSM-5
What is sufficient for a diagnosis in the ICD-11?
Two or more negative symptoms for one month or longer
What is sufficient for a diagnosis with the DSM-5?
One positive symptom for at least one month
What is a positive symptom?
An additional experience beyond those of ordinary existence.
What is a negative symptom?
A loss of usual abilities and experiences.
Two examples of positive symptoms?
Hallucinations
Delusions
Two examples of negative symptoms?
Avolition (loss of motivation)
Speech poverty
What are hallucinations?
Unusual sensory experience that have no basis in reality
Two types of hallucinations?
Auditory
Visual
What are delusions?
Irrational/false beliefs that have no basis in reality
Examples of delusions?
Delusions of persecution
Delusions of control
What are delusions of persecution?
A false belief you are being harassed
What are delusions of control?
The false believe that you are being controlled by something external
What is avolition?
Severe loss of motivation
Andreasons three signs of avolition?
Poor hygiene
Lack of persistence in work
Lack of energy
What is speech poverty?
A reduction in quality of speech. potential delay or broken speech
Definition of diagnosis?
The identification of an illness by examination of symptoms
Eg: someone hearing voices
Definition of classification? Example?
The action or process of classifying disease according to symptoms
Eg: a symptom of SZ is hallucinations
What does reliability mean?
Consistency, can we gain consistent results when classifying and diagnosing SZ
What does validity mean?
Accuracy, are we measuring what what we intent to measure (diagnosing and classifying SZ)
Name the four things that affect validity/reliability
Symptom overlap
Co-morbidity
Gender bias
Cultural bias
What is symptom overlap? Example?
Where two or more conditions share similar symptoms.
EG: Both SZ and depression involves negative symptoms such as avolition
What is Co-morbidity? Example?
Where two illnesses occur at the same time
EG: SZ and OCD as they share common problems (delusions)
What is gender bias in relation to SZ?
Men have been diagnosed with SZ more often than women. It is argued females with SZ function better than men
What is culture bias in relation to SZ?
English people of an African origin are much more likely to be diagnosed than in Africa. Some behaviours are classed as normal in African cultures (hearing voices as part of ancestor communication)
