Biological explanation

Question 1

What does the genetic theory state?

Answer 1

SZ is hereditary and passed on from one generation to the next through genes

Question 2

What does genetic predisposition to SZ mean?

Answer 2

Vulnerable to the disease

Question 3

What is a person born with when SZ is in their family?

Answer 3

Genetic predisposition

Question 4

What genes are involved in increasing an individuals vulnerability to developing SZ?

Answer 4

Several maladaptive “candidate” genes

Question 5

What do maladaptive candidate genes do?

Answer 5

Increase an individuals vulnerability to developing SZ

Question 6

Example of a maladaptive “candidate” gene?

Answer 6

PCM1

Question 7

What have studies showed about genetic variations?

Answer 7

108 separate genetic variations are associated in the risk of developing SZ

Question 8

Who studied concordance rates for twins? When?

Answer 8

Gottesman (1991)

Question 9

How many twins did Gottesman study?

Answer 9

40

Question 10

What did Gottesman find was the concordance rates for monozygotic twins?

Answer 10

48%

Question 11

What did Gottesman find that the concordance rate was for dizygotic twins?

Answer 11

17%

Question 12

What is neural correlates?

Answer 12

Abnormalities within specific brain areas (associated with with developing SZ)

Question 13

What is used to compare the brain of individuals with and without SZ?

Answer 13

Brain scans (FMRI)

Question 14

What does a brain scan identify?

Answer 14

Identify brain areas that may be linked to SZ

Question 15

Name one neural correlate of SZ?

Answer 15

Enlarged ventricles

Question 16

Who researched enlarged vesicles?

Answer 16

Raz and Raz

Question 17

What kind of analysis did Raz and Raz use?

Answer 17

Meta-analysis

Question 18

What did Raz and Raz find?

Answer 18

Over half of individuals with SZ had increased ventricles size

Question 19

What are enlarged ventricles associated with?

Answer 19

a damage to central brain areas, specifically the pre-frontal cortex

Question 20

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

Answer 20

The idea that dopamine is believed to be involved with SZ
may release too much dopamine or have large amount of receptors on the post synaptic neuron

Question 21

Hyperdopaminergia in the subcortex?

Answer 21

High dopamine activity in the central areas of the brain (Brocas area) may be associated with auditory hallucinations

Question 22

Hypodopaminergia in the cortex?

Answer 22

Low dopamine activity in the prefrontal cortex (thinking and decision making) have been associated with SZ (eg: avolition)