Classical/Romantic Period Flashcards
0
Q
Classical orchestra Instruments
A
String -violin 1 and violin 2 -viola -cello -bass Woodwind -2 flute parts -2 oboe parts -2 bassoon parts -2 clarinet parts Brass instruments -2 trumpet parts -2 French horn -trombone -brass have valves Percussion -timpani, bass drum, snare drum, cymbal
1
Q
Classical orchestra
A
- larger and had more instruments than baroque orchestra
- no keyboard in the orchestra bc no more basso continuo
- woodwind started getting the melody rather than the string
2
Q
Symphony
A
- piece of music written only for the orchestra
- has 4 movements
- each movement is really it’s own piece of music
3
Q
Symphony first movement
A
- fast
- in sonata allegro form. ABA
- A = exposition, listener exposed to theme 1 and 2
- B = development section. Composer takes. 2 themes and changes them up using mood, rhythm, etc.
- A = recapitulation. Exposition is played again and sometimes repeat the recap.. Called a coda.
4
Q
Symphony 2nd movement
A
- slow tempo
- theme and variations form. AB
- they take the theme and modify it. You recognize it but it sounds different
- A is the theme. B is the variation of the theme.
5
Q
Symphony 3rd movement
A
- minuet and trio form. ABA form
- it’s dance related
- A part is minuet dance
- B is the trio. Has it’s own melody
- A is minuet part again.
- this is the shortest movement
6
Q
Symphony Last movement
A
- fast tempo
- sonata allegro or rondo form. ABACA or ABACABA
- all A’s are the recurring theme (or melody)
- B is different and C is more different
7
Q
Classical concerto
A
- 3 movement piece
- written for a soloist and accompanied by an orchestra. Features the soloist
- first movement is fast. Sonata allegro
- 2nd movement is slow. Theme and variation
- last movement is fast. Sonata allegro or rondo form.
- when the soloist plays alone, it’s called the cadenza
8
Q
Chamber Ensembles
A
- it’s for entertainment. Usually in someone’s home
- string quartet was the most popular chamber ensemble
- string quintet
- woodwind quintet
- brass quintet
9
Q
String Quartet
A
- made up of 2 violins, viola, cello
- plays a 4 movement piece like the symphony
10
Q
Sonata
A
- can be any number of movements
- with any number and kind of instruments
- any length
- piano sonata is the most popular type
11
Q
Joseph Haydn
A
- started as a choir boy. Not from Musical family.
- st. Stephens cathedral in Vienna
- played keyboard
- ran away from boys choir and got into a street band to survive.
- esterhazy. Hungarian. Hired him as their court composer and was there for 30 years.
- visited England and wrote some music for the king and queen.
- 12 London symphonies , 2 oratorios (creations and seasons)
- 104 symphonies and invented string quartet.
- 68 string quartets
- best example of the patronage system
12
Q
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
A
- child prodigy. @ 6 was touring Europe
- father was a court musician
- plays harpsichord and violin
- at 10 wrote first opera and symphony
- died at 36.
- had an attitude problem and courts didn’t like him. Got boycotted
- 41 symphonies
- 10 operas
- a lot of piano concertos and wrote down the cadenzas
13
Q
Ludwig Van Beethoven
A
- musical family
- at 16 performed for Mozart
- no patronage system at this time
- 29, started going deaf
- first musician who is never a servant
- 9 symphonies
- 32 piano sonatas
- 16 string quartets
- 1 opera, fidelio
14
Q
Beethoven the creator of the romantic period
A
- because he was a free artist he could write how he wants, and what he wants and could experiment
- he put titles on some of his symphonies to represent something he felt. Eroica, the pastoral, choral.
- changed symphony format
- sometimes added a movement
- never used minuet movement for 3rd movement. Used a scherzo
- added a choir to choral symphony
- added instruments to symphony setup
- bc they make sounds that is needed to tell the story
- ex: piccolo, tuba, English horn, choir, etc.
15
Q
Romantic Period (1820-1900)
A
-more expressive and emotional
-took in a person and can be identified as French, German music
-did this by featuring an instrument from that particular culture to
make it unique
-music was based in folklore from a country
16
Q
Nationalism vs. Exoticism
A
Nationalism = sounds like a Spanish piece and written by a Spanish composer Exoticism = sounds like a Spanish piece and written by an English composer
17
Q
Schools
A
-composers started going to schools to learn
18
Q
Program music
A
- music that portrays a thought that the composer has
- title reflects the intention of the composer
- different movements has different titles
- includes a written narrative describing the piece of Music and what it’s based on
19
Q
Absolute music
A
- written purely for sound
- no titles
- not associated with describing something. Just sound.
20
Q
Miniature and monumental
A
-number of performers (larger #, monumental. Small #, miniature)
-number of movements
-a symphony has 4 movements. If one had more than that it was
monumental, if it was less, it’s miniature
-length of time
-extended use of dynamics, tempo, key changes makes it monumental
21
Q
Romantic piano pieces
A
- written only for piano
- specialized in miniature pieces
- short songs with small crowds but were very popular
- only 1 performer
22
Q
Nocturne
A
- romantic piano piece
- slow, lyrical, night piece
- very expressive
23
Q
Polonaise
A
- romantic piano piece
- a polish processional in triple meter.
- very stately, like a waltz
24
Q
Mazurka
A
- romantic piano piece
- polish stylized dance form
25
Q
Etude
A
- can be written for any instrument
- a technical piece
- it raised your playing ability
- a practice pice that was played in public to show off how good you were
26
Q
Art song - Lied
A
- Piece written for 2 instruments that are equally important. Voice and piano.
- story comes from loved poems
- Through Composed = mood changes as the meaning of the words changes
- strophic = the melody or music stays the same throughout the verses
27
Q
Song cycle - Lieder
A
- if you used a lot of eat songs to tell the same story or poem
- art songs are miniature and song cycles are monumental
