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Music > 20th Century / Romantic Period > Flashcards

20th Century / Romantic Period Flashcards

0
Q

Giacometti Puccini (romantic)

A
  • came from long line of musicians
  • product of italic school of Milan
  • exoticism
  • used Verisimo (means “true to life”)
  • based stories on real, true life stories about average person
  • Manon Lescaut, Tosca, La Boheme, Madame Butterfly
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1
Q

Giuseppe Verdi (romantic)

A
  • Italian nationalist
  • elected to Italian parliament
  • most popular and performed of all opera composers
  • married the daughter of the wealthy patron who paid him to compose
  • wife and 2 kids die but father-in-law convinced him to keep writing
  • every story takes place in Italy
  • wrote Rigoletto, Trovatore, La Traviata, Aida, Otello, Oberto, Nabucco
  • Nabucco got the public to notice him
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2
Q

Richard Wagner (Romantic)

A
  • born in Leipzig to a theatrical family
  • German nationalist
  • never mastered an instrument
  • taught himself to read/write by studying Beethoven
  • attended Leipzig University
  • had followers called “wagnerites”
  • referred to operas as “Musical Dramas”
  • wrote an opera cycle (The Ring) where you had to watch 4 operas to get whole story
  • built own opera house
  • came up with Leitmotif
  • Tristan and Isolde, The Ring of Nibelung, Tanhauser
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3
Q

Impressionism

A
  • very expressive

- following the romantic period

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4
Q

Neoclassical

A
  • when a composer in the 1900’s writes music that sounds like the 1700’s (the classical period)
  • they write like Bach or Mozart
  • but they have new instruments and new types of music
  • Stravinky’s “Rite of Spring”
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5
Q

Expressionism

A
  • intense
  • very close to not being in a key
  • right on the edge, subjective
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6
Q

Atonal Music

A
  • wanted to confuse your ear
  • there was a lack of a tonal center or a key
  • lots of terms to know
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7
Q

Bitonality

A

When a piece of music is in 2 different keys at the same time

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8
Q

Polytonality

A

When music is in 3 or more dif keys at the same time

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9
Q

Poly chords

A

When 3 or more different chords are played at the same time

-only used in Certain places in a song. Not all the way through.

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10
Q

Quarter tone

A

A chord where every note is 4 notes apart rather than the normal 3 notes apart

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11
Q

Tone clusters

A

A cluster of tines that are each 1/2 step apart

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12
Q

Tone color melody

A

A melody created by a group of notes

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13
Q

Whole tone scale

A

A scale where there is a whole step between each note

  • no half steps ever!
  • only 7 notes in the scale
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14
Q

Polyrhythms

A

3 or more different rhythms going at the same time

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15
Q

Pentatonic scale

A

A scale with only 5 notes

-back to medieval music

16
Q

Jazz Cities (7)

A
  • New Orleans
  • Memphis
  • St. Louis
  • Kansas City
  • Chicago
  • New York City
  • Los Angeles
17
Q

Blues

A
  • type of jazz
  • probably oldest form of jazz
  • mainly in minor keys
  • based on sad story
  • performed by singers, fully instrumental, or both
  • sometimes words in a song had a double meaning. When it did, one meaning was sexual
18
Q

Ragtime

A
  • type of jazz
  • flashy, fast, technical, difficult, jazz style
  • originally for piano
  • it imitated classical piano pieces
19
Q

Dixieland

A

-type of jazz
-strictly for instruments
-broken into two groups
Front row plays melody ….. Back row plays background parts
-front row instruments
-trumpet, trombone, clarinet, Saxophone
-back row instruments
-piano, banjo/guitar, tuba/string bass, drum set
-prefers tuba for bass instrument

20
Q

Big Band

A
  • type of jazz
  • more people in this group than dixieland
  • had 4 or 5 of each instrument
  • music is finally getting written down
  • musicians learn to read and write music
  • prefers string bass for bass instrument
21
Q

Cool

A
  • type of jazz
  • plays the melody twice and then goes to a lot of solo playing with just some background music
  • a bit of atonal
22
Q

Twelve Tone System

A
  • created by Schoenberg
  • used 12 notes for a scale (normal ones have 8)
    • used half notes
  • you can’t play one note again until you play the other 11 notes
  • tone row
    • the row of notes that’s played in that order throughout the whole piece
    • you write a whole piece of music following this tone row
23
Q

Retrograde

A

When you play the tone row backwards

24
Q

Inversion

A

You invert the original tone row

-i.e. If you go up then down in original then in inversion you go down then up

25
Q

Retrograde Inversion

A

You’d play the line backwards and upside down

26
Q

Jazz

A
  • Americas first musical art form
  • created by the slaves. It was how the slaves would communicate. M
  • New Orleans was where it really took off bc it was so diverse
  • jazz integrates a bunch of different cultures (French, African, Caribbean, etc.)
27
Q

American Public School System

A
  • Kodaly said to get kids to SING to enjoy and appreciate music
  • Suzuki said to get kids to play INSTRUMENTS to appreciate music
  • Orff said to give students RHYTHM to get them to enjoy music
  • Dolcroze said to give students EVERYTHING to appreciate music. Also, dancing.
    • dancing gives coordination and coordination helps with playing music
28
Q

Igor Stravinsky

A
  • 20th century composer
  • Jewish who lived in Russia
  • moved to Switzerland, France, and finally America bc of Bolshevik Revolution and WWll
  • wrote neoclassical (tonal) music
  • had conflicts with Schoenberg who was atonal
  • specialized in Russian ballets
  • ballets : the firebird, rite of springs, pulcinella, petrushka
  • other : the soldiers tale, the rakes progress
29
Q

Arnold Schoenberg

A
  • 20th century composer
  • born in Vienna
  • self taught and taught at Prussian Academy in Berlin
  • came up with 12 tone system
  • came up with Sprechstimme. It’s like speak singing.
  • moved to America and taught at UCLA
  • atonal
  • A survivor from Warsaw, Pierrot Lunaire, transfigured night, songs of gurne, chamber symphony
30
Q

George Gershwin

A
  • 20th century composer
  • born in manhattan
  • taught himself to read music and play piano
  • got a job at Tin Pan Alley where all the publishing companies were
  • got to write music for Broadway and became very popular
  • incorporated jazz into some of his classical forms
  • Piano Concerto : Rhapsody in Blue
  • Musicals : La, La, Lucille, Lady be Good, Funny Face, Of thee I sing
  • Opera : porgy and ness
  • wrote “an American in Paris” which would later be singing in the rain
31
Q

Aaron Copland

A
  • 20th century composer
  • born in Brooklyn
  • classically trained and studied in France. Fell in love with ballet
  • incorporated jazz into his music
  • ballets : Billy the kid, Rodeo, Appalachian Spring. Based in America
  • other : a Lincoln portrait, music for the theatre, piano variations, connotations for orchestra

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