Classical Genetics 2 - Mitosis And Meiosis

Question 1

Define mitosis and meiosis

Answer 1

Mitosis
- Cell division which leads to the formation of identical daughter cells (growth and repair of tissue).

Meiosis
- Cell division which leads to the formation of genetically unique gametes (eggs/sperm).

Question 2

What did Walther Flemming do

Answer 2

Investigated the process of cell division and discovered chromatin and mitosis.

Question 3

Describe mitosis

Answer 3

• Prophase - the chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibres appear.
• Prometaphase - spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.
• Metaphase - the chromosomes align on the cell equator.
• Anaphase - the centromeres divide and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles in the cell.
• Telophase - the spindle fibres disappear, the nuclear membrane reforms, and the chromosomes decondense.
• Cytokinesis - The cytoplasm divides to produce two daughter cells with identical genetic information.

Question 4

What are HeLa cells, where do they come from, and what are they used for

Answer 4

• Human cell line for biological research.
• Derived from cancerous tissue.
• Used to explore cell growth and differentiation, cell death, and development of vaccines.

Question 5

What did Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton independently show

Answer 5

• Chromosomes are genetic carriers and that genes are on chromosomes.
• A correct set of chromosomes is required for proper embryonic development.
• During meiosis the chromosome number in gametes is reduced by half.

Question 6

Hechn

Answer 6

Neche