Classical Conditioning (Part 2)

Question 1

extinction

Answer 1

learning that the CS no longer predicts the US

- Learning of new CS - no US pair that inhibits CS - US association

Question 2

spontaneous recovery

Answer 2

preservation of original CS-US association after extiction training

• original CR returns as time passes folllowing extinction
• tends to be short-lived

Question 3

second-order (higher-order) conditioning

Answer 3

new neutral stimulus becomes associated with previously conditioned stimulus

• becomes new CS
• tends to be weaker than first order conditioning

Question 4

conditioned aversion (give an example)

Answer 4

learning that occurs when negative associative memories cause something to subsequently be experienced as unpleasant
- ate from a restaurant and threw up so you don’t want to go there again

Question 5

What was Watson and Ravnor’s study on Little Albert (1920)?

Answer 5

They paired a loud noise with a rat so after repeatedly pairing the rat with the loud noise, Albert eventually gets afraid of the rat AND other fuzzy objects like santa claus and teddy bears. He GENERALIZED fear to other fuzzy objects.

Question 6

counterconditioning

Answer 6

CS paired with another stimulus that elicits a response incompatible with the unwanted response

Question 7

Mary Cover Jones study

Answer 7

If a rabbit is feared by a baby, and the baby is slowly presented with a rabbit from far away and cookies, and the baby associates cookies with happiness, then the baby will eventually associate the rabbit with happiness and does not fear it anymore.