Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Define: Learning
-A relatively permanent change in behavior (behavior potential) due to experience
Behaviorism emphasizes…
-the study of observable behavior, and the role of environment as a determinant in behavior
What kind of learning involves associations between environmental stimuli and an organisms response?
-conditioning
Who was the first person to study conditioned reflexes?
-Ivan Pavlov
What is a reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning?
-unconditioned response UR
Define: Unconditioned Stimulus US
-s stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning
Learning occurs when a ______________ is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US).
-neutral stimulus (NS)
Define: Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
-an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US)
The procedure by which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus became known as…
- classical conditioning
- or pavlovian, or respondant conditioning
What are 4 important features of the process known as classical conditioning?
- extinction
- higher-order conditioning
- stimulus generalization and discrimination
Define: extinction
-when a CS is repeatedly presented without the US, the CR eventually disappears
Define: higher-order conditioning
-a NS can become a CS by being paired with an already established CS
Higher-order conditioning may contribute to…
-the formation of prejudices
Define: Stimulus Generalization
-stimulus similar to CS elicits a similar CR
Define: Stimulus Discrimination
-responding differently to two or more similar stimuli (occurs when a stimulus similar to CS fails to evoke a CR)
