Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Rapid Review > Classic/Relevant Treatments > Flashcards

Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins)
MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, PNA), vancomycin (meningitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

H flu (b)

A

Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate (mucosal infections), ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (eg azithromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sporothrix schenkii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4 <200/mm3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-a (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, high-dose ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

37
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

38
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha-antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)

39
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

40
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

41
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

42
Q

Diabetes mellitus type I

A

Dietary intervention (low carb) + insulin replacement

43
Q

Diabetes mellitus type II

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

44
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

45
Q

DKA

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

46
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

47
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (eg mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

48
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

49
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)

50
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

51
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

52
Q

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

53
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

54
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

55
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

56
Q

Warfarin reversal

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

57
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

58
Q

HER2/neu + breast cancer

A

Trastuzamab

59
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis), bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

60
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

61
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg allopurinol, febuxostat), pegloticase, probenecid

62
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

63
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

64
Q

Migraine

A

Abortive therapies (eg sumatriptan, NSAIDs), prophylaxis (eg propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

65
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

66
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease-modifying therapies (eg Beta-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

67
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

68
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

69
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

70
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

71
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

72
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

73
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomexetine, guanfacine, clonidine

74
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzodiazepines

75
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers (eg lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

76
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

77
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

78
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

79
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

80
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

81
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

alpha1 antagonists, 5a-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

82
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

83
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

84
Q

ER+ breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

85
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

86
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

87
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

88
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

89
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Rapid Review (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions