Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
Low AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Branching gram + rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
Optochin sensitivity
Sensitive: S pneumo; resistant: viridans strep (S mutans, S sanguis)
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: S epi, resistant: S agalactiae (group B)
Strep bovis bacteremia
Colon cancer
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB - mycobacterium bacilli)
Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells
“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)
Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
Cardiomegaly with atypical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
“Steeple” sign on frontal CXR
Croup (parainfluenza virus)
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
Atypical lymphocytes
EBV
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
“Owl eye” appearance of CMV
“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray
Epiglottitis (H flu)
“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
Rib notching (inferior surface, on x-ray)
Coarctation of the aorta
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
Pericardial tamponade
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei
in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
ANCAs (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
primary sclerosing cholangitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
“Signet ring”
in gastric carcinoma
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
“String sign”
Seen in Crohn’s
“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
Loss of haustra in Ulcerative colitis
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene
“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body
Seen in alcoholic liver disease
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease
In alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
“Nutmeg” appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
Seen in primary biliary cirrhosis (typically female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson’s Disease
Migratory thrombophlebitis (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies
2/2 splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia