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First Aid Rapid Review > classic presentations > Flashcards

classic presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-centromere ABs

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) ABs

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane ABs

A

Goodpasture’s synd. (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Anti-histone ABs

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG ABs

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (syst. infl., joint lannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Anti-mitochondrial ABs (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic ABs (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s); p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss synd)

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8
Q

Anti-nuclear ABs (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersenstivity)

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9
Q

Anti-platelet ABs

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase ABs

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial ABs

A

Celiac DZ (diarrhea, distention, weight-loss)

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12
Q

Apple Core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic [M3] type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (A); resistant = S. agalactiae (B)

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15
Q

Bamboo Spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chron. infl. arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hem

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19
Q

Boot Shaped heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH

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20
Q

Branching G+ rods w/sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress symp. gang. and cause Horner’s synd)

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22
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hem. gives brown color)

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly w/apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ DZ (T. cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

RPCG (crescentic glom)

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25
Q

Chocolate Cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)

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26
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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27
Q

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF (auto-rec mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin def. and mucous plugs)

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28
Q

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down Synd. or other crhomosomal abnormality

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29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal columns

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and LCS tracts)

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30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s DZ (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucus plugs)

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32
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca tumor of the ovary)

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33
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV - predisposes to cervical cancer)

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34
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl’s Eye appearance of CMV

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35
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells w/ground glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie nuclei (papillary carc. of the thyroid)

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in LIVER cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver DZ)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in NERVE cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s DZ)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic/viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of HIPPOCAMPAL nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

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40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (AD)

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41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“Owl’s Eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

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42
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

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43
Q

Hair-on-end (crew cut) apperance on x-ray

A

beta-thallassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

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44
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with or without embryo)

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45
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (Rheumatic fever)

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46
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)

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47
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

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48
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

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49
Q

Hilar adenopathy, periph gran. lesion in middle or lower lungs (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli)

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50
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulm fibrosis

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51
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s synd. (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

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52
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)

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53
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

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54
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)

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55
Q

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

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56
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis synd, loop/thiazide diuretics

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57
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV/CMV)

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58
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc. chance of mesothelioma)

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59
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carc.

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60
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodef.

A

Chediak-Higashi DZ (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

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61
Q

Lead Pipe appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

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62
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glom. basement memb.

A

Goodpasture’s IF results

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63
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s DZ (hepatolenticular degeneration)

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64
Q

Lumpy Bumpy appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

post-strep glomerulonephritis (immune complex dep. of IgG and C3b)

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65
Q

Lytic “hole-punched” bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

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66
Q

Mammary gland “blue-domed” cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

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67
Q

Monoclonal Ab spike

A

Multiple myeloma (IgG/IgA); Monoclonal gammopathy (MGUS, part of aging); Waldenstrom’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia; primary amyloidosis

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68
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

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69
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

String sign (Crohn’s DZ)

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70
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis w/polyangiitis (Wegener’s; c-ANCA+); Goodpasture’s

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71
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

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72
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits on glomeruli

A

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (Diabetic nephropathy)

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73
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive = s. epidermidis; resistant = s. saprophyticus

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74
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF

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75
Q

Onion Skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

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76
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive = s. pneumoniae; Resistant = viridans strep.

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77
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

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78
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on EM

A

minimal change DZ (child with nephrotic synd)

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79
Q

Polished, “ivory like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

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80
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (AD) and Pick’s Bodies (Pick’s DZ)

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81
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carc, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium/ovary

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82
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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83
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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84
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

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85
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

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86
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

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87
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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88
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

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89
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, assoc. w/EBV; “black sky” = malignant cells

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90
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s DZ: Progressive dementia, changes in personality)

91
Q

Soap Bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant-cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

92
Q

Spikes on BM, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic synd)

93
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (High ESR, multiple myeloma)

94
Q

Stripped vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

95
Q

Tennis Racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma

96
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

97
Q

Thumb Sign on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglotitis (H. influenzae)

98
Q

Thyroid-like apperance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

99
Q

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative GN

100
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver DZ (alcoholic or metabolic synd)

101
Q

Waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal DZ

102
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

103
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

104
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

105
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (eg, due to subarachnoid hem)

106
Q

Abdom pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari synd. (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)

107
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholest. (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

108
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen synd (meningococcemia)

109
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan’s synd (fibrillin defect)

110
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

Secondary to erythropoietin injection

111
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott’s DZ (vertebral tuberculosis)

112
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)

113
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenisis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)

114
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton’s line (lead poisoning)

115
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget’s DZ of bone (increased osteoblastic & osteoclastic activity)

116
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

117
Q

Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud’s phenomenon in young female

A

SLE

118
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)

119
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright synd. (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

120
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

MD (eg, Duchenne’s): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

121
Q

Cherry-red spot on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Neimann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation, central retinal artery occlusion

122
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (Stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)

123
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler’s synd (auto-imm. post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 wks after MI)

124
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gower’s sign (Duchenne MD)

125
Q

Child w/fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

Slapped Cheeks sign (erythema infectiousum/ fifth DZ/ parvovirus B19)

126
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington’s DZ (auto-dom CAG repeat expansion)

127
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance w/myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle’s DZ (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

128
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

129
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diploplia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral = MS; unilateral = stroke)

130
Q

Continuous “machinery” heart murmur

A

PDA (close with indomethacin; open to maintain with misoprostol)

131
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by hypo-thyroidism, Graves’ disease (pre-tibial)

132
Q

Dark purple nodules on skin/mouth

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma (usually AIDS pts [MSM]; associated w/HHV8

133
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul breathing (DKA)

134
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

135
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)

136
Q

Dog or cate bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multicoda (cellulitis @ inoculation site)

137
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren’s Synd. (Auto-imm. destruction of exocrine glands)

138
Q

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson synd. (may progress to esophageal Sq. CC)

139
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints

A

Ehlers-Danlos synd (Type 3 Collagen defect)

140
Q

Enlarged hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow’s node (abdominal metastasis)

141
Q

Erthryderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Sezary synd. (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides

142
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek’s sign (hypocalcemia)

143
Q

Fat, female, forty, and fertile

A

Cholelithiasis (gallstones) risk factors

144
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

145
Q

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles (morbillivirus)

146
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

147
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie’s DZ (connective tissue disorder)

148
Q

Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan synd (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)

149
Q

Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson’s DZ)

150
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers synd (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction, GI cancer risk)

151
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

Gaucher’s DZ (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

152
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in alpha chain of Collegen 4)

153
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver-Bucy synd (bilateral amygdala lesion)

154
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

155
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

156
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)

157
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful = chancre (primary syphilis, T. Pallidum); Painful w/exudate = chancroid (h. ducreyi)

158
Q

Infant w/cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau’s synd (trisomy 13)

159
Q

Infant w/failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick DZ (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

160
Q

Infant w/hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly

A

Cori’s disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)

161
Q

Infant w/microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect

A

Edward’s synd (Trisomy 18)

162
Q

Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder

A

Courvoisier’s sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

163
Q

Large rash w/Bull’s eye appearance

A

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)

164
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)

165
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

A

Bruton’s DZ (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

166
Q

Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of Gp2b/3a)

167
Q

Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

A

Beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade

168
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner’s synd (subtype of FAP)

169
Q

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance

A

Pompe’s DZ (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)

170
Q

Neonate w/arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: “waiter’s tip” hand)

171
Q

No lactation postpoartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary infarction)

172
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

MS

173
Q

Oscillating slow/fast breathing

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased ICP)

174
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutinin DZ (auto-imm hemolytic anemia from M. pneumoniae, mono)

175
Q

Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes

A

Reynaud’s phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)

176
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes

A

Osler’s node (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

177
Q

Painless erythematous lesions in palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli, microabscesses)

178
Q

Painless jaundice

A

Cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

179
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

180
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN 1 (auto-dom)

181
Q

Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

A

Nephrotic synd.

182
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

Pink puffer (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking]; panacinar [a1aT deficiency])

183
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis Type 2, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi’s Synd (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)

184
Q

Positive anterior “drawer sign”

A

ACL injury

185
Q

pruritic, purple, polygonal, planar papules and plaques (6 P’s)

A

Lichen Planus

186
Q

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner’s synd (sympathetic chain lesion)

187
Q

pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

188
Q

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI

A

Guillain-Barre synd (acute auto-imm inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)

189
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

190
Q

Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

A

Hyper-IgE synd (Job’s synd: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

191
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

192
Q

Red “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants)

193
Q

Red, itchy swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget’s DZ of breast (represents underlying neoplasm)

194
Q

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

195
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel-Lindau DZ (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

196
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability

A

Parkins’s DZ (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)

197
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth’s spots (bacterial endocarditis)

198
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate

A

Crigler-Najjar synd. (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

199
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

Rovsing’s sign (acute appendicitis)

200
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney’s sign (acute appendicitis)

201
Q

Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi’s Anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair, often progresses to AML)

202
Q

Single palmar crease

A

Simian crease (Down syndrome)

203
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener’s synd. (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

204
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

Addision’s DZ (primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes increased ACTH and increased alpha MSH production)

205
Q

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker’s MD (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)

206
Q

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

A

Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)

207
Q

Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals

A

Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)

208
Q

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

Bacterial endocarditis

209
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki DZ, toxic shock synd.

210
Q

Streak ovaries, convenital heart DZ, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

Turner synd. (45, XO)

211
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

212
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

A

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

213
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard’s nodes], DIP [Heberden’s nodes])

214
Q

Systolic ejection murmur

A

Aortic valve stenosis

215
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A (auto-dom ret mutation)

216
Q

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B (auto-dom ret mutation)

217
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

218
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

Facial nerve (LMN CN 7 palsy)

219
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

220
Q

Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)

A

Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber synd.)

221
Q

Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic pts)

222
Q

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple’s DZ (Tropheryma whipplei)

223
Q

Worst headache of my life

A

Subarachnoid hemorrage

First Aid Rapid Review (3 decks)

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