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Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidemoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, jointpannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and Churge-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/cANCA)

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac Disease

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12
Q

“Apple Core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer Rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin sensitive

A

Strep. Pyrogenes (Group A)

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15
Q

Bacitracin resistant

A

Strep. Agalactiae (Group B)

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16
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (Chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA:B27)

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17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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21
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces Israelii

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22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

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23
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteo fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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25
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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27
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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28
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis (Austosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene -> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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29
Q

Decrease alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

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30
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary Syphillis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticosinal tracts affected)

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31
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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32
Q

Desquimated qpithelium cast in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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33
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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34
Q

Dysplastic squamous cerival cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cerival cancer)

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35
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl eyes” appearance of CMV

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36
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic includion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcohol liver disease)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often tellow fever)

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40
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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41
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (alzheimer disease)

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42
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions. “Owl’s Eye”

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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43
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

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44
Q

“Hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

A

B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

45
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocacinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

46
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

47
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV - Ebstein Barr-Virus)

48
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leybed crystals: eosinophilic granules)

49
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

50
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle of lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (Primary TB: Mycobacerium bacilli)

51
Q

“Honeycomb Lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

52
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to micrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

53
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

54
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

55
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

56
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neuro tube defects)

57
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

58
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

59
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of meothelioma)

60
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

61
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congential failure of phagolysosome formation)

62
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

63
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

64
Q

Low serum creuloplasmin

A

Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular degeneration)

65
Q

“Lumpy Bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF (immunoflourescence)

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

66
Q

Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

67
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocysitc change of breast

68
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  • Multiple Myeloma (Usually IgG or IgA)
  • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
  • Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • Primary amyloidosis
69
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” (gastric cacinoma)

70
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barrum x-ray

A

“String sign” Crohn Disease

71
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

72
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

73
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

74
Q

Novobiocin Sensitive

A

Staph Epidermidis

75
Q

Novobiocin Resistant

A

Staph Saphrophyticus

76
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure.

77
Q

“Onion Skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

78
Q

Optochin Resistant

A

Strep viridans

79
Q

Optochin Sensitive

A

Strep peumonia

80
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomylitis)

81
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on EM (electron micrograph)

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

82
Q

Polished, “ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

83
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tanges (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

84
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

85
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

86
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

87
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

88
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral renal injury

89
Q

Rhombiod crustals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

90
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

91
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

92
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lympohid cells with scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages “starry sky” histology

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells

93
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick Disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

94
Q

“Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

95
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

96
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

97
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue Cells” gardnerella vaginitis

98
Q

“Tennis racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM)

A

Birbeck granules in Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eiosinophilic granuloma

99
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zhan (arterial thrombosis, layers of platelets/RBCs)

100
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

101
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

102
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on LM (light microscopy)

A

Membranoproligerative glomerulonephritis

103
Q

Trigylceride accumulation in lever cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcohol or metaolic syndrome)

104
Q

“Waxy” casts in urine

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

105
Q

WBC

A

Acute pyelonephritis

106
Q

WBCs that look “smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

107
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capullary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

108
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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