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Step One Rapid Review > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein antibodies (epithelial)

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (Wegeners polyangitis with granulomatosis c-ANCA)
-WeCeners

microscopic polyangiits (p-ANCA)
Churg-Strauss (p-ANCA)
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8
Q

c-ANCA antibodies

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

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9
Q

p-ANCA antibodies

A

1) Microscopic polyangiitis

2) Churg-strauss syndrome

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10
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (Anti-Smith, and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity) except the pancytopenia is Type II

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11
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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12
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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13
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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14
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal Cancer (usually left-sided)

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, esp. promyelocytic [M3] type)

My be described as “Large Intracellular or cytoplasmic granules” in immature myeloid cells (promyelocytes)

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16
Q

Bacitracin sensitive

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A
B-BRAS

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17
Q

Bacitracin resistant

A

Streptococcus agalactiae
Group B
B-BRAS

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Jolly Howell has Sickle Cell Disease, infarcted spleen, can’t remove nuclear remnants from RBCs

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

1) Lead poisoning

2) Sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on x-ray

A

1) Tetralogy of Fallot

2) Right ventricular hypertrophy

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22
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

1) Hyperparathyroidism

2) Osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderine from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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25
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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26
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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27
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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28
Q

Colonies of mucoid pseudamonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (AR mut in CFTR, fat sol. vit. deficiencies & mucous plugs)

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29
Q

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

1) Down syndrome

2) Other Chromosomal abnormality

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30
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

1) Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis)

2) Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal column and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

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31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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32
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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33
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

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34
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl’s eye” appearance in CMV

The owl eye is a huge singular inclusion, as contrasted by reed-sternberg which have two

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35
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“Orphan Annie’s eyes” nuclei (Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, oft. yellow fever)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies (Lassavirus)

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40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

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41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkins lymphoma)

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42
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

43
Q

“Hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

A

1) Beta-thalassemia
2) sickle cell anemia
(marrow expansion)

44
Q

Elevated hCG

A

1) Choriocarcinoma

2) Hydatidiform mole

45
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

46
Q

Heterophile antibodies (anti-horse)

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

48
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB, mycobacterium bacilli)

49
Q

Hypercoagulability (migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lungs)

50
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: +neuro symptoms; Folate deficiency; -neuro symptoms)

51
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome (hyper aldosteronism)

52
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

1) Iron deficiency anemia
2) Lead poisoning
3) Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)

53
Q

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid or maternal serum

A

1) Dating error
2) Anencephaly
3) Spina bifida

54
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

1) Gout
2) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
3) Tumor lysis syndrome
4) Loop and thiazide diuretics

55
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

56
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: elev risk of mesothelioma)

57
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
Worst. Traffickers. Ever.

58
Q

“Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

59
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s sydnrome

60
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration, copper accumulation)

61
Q

“Lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

62
Q

Lytic bone lesions on x-ray (“hole punched”)

A

Multiple myeloma

63
Q

“blue domed” cyst (mammary gland)

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

64
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A

1) Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
2) Monoclonal gammopathy of undertmined significance (MGUS)
3) Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM)
4) Primary amyloidosis

65
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String sign” (Crohn’s disease)

66
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

1) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s; c-ANCA+)

2) Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

67
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

68
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

69
Q

Novobiocin Sensitive

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

No StRESs on staph retreat

70
Q

Novobiocin Resistant

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

No StRESs on staph retreat

71
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

72
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

73
Q

Optochin Sensitive

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

OVRPS “overpass”

74
Q

Optochin Resistant

A

Viridans strep

OVRPS “overpass”

75
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

76
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

77
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

78
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphrylation of protein tau

A

1) Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s dz)

2) Pick’s bodies (Pick’s dz, frontal and temporal lobe)

79
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Meningiomas
Mesothelioma
Papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium

80
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

81
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

82
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

83
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

84
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

85
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

86
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

1) Toxoplasma gondii

2) CNS lymphoma

87
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation assoc. with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

88
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

89
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

90
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

91
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” (Gardnerella vaginalis)

92
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis (macrophages in skin and mucosa) or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

93
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (aterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

94
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

95
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

96
Q

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

97
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (ETOH or metabolic syn)

98
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

99
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

100
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

101
Q

“Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

102
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthrochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

103
Q

High Calcium, Alk Phos, PTH, low phosphate

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism

104
Q

Low Calcium, low phosphate, high Alk phos, high PTH

A

Osteomalacia/rickets

Vit D deficiency

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