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Step 1 > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere Antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (Glomerulonephritis and Hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone Antibodies

A

Drug-Induced SLE (Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG Antibodies

A

RA (Systemic Infllamation, Joint Pannus, Boutonniere Deformity)

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6
Q

Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic Polyangitis and Churg-Strauss Syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegner; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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7
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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8
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs; anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, wt loss)

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left side)

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13
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granula inclusion in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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14
Q

bacitracin response

A

sensitive: streptococcus pyogenes (group a); resistant: streptococcus aglactiae (group b)

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15
Q

bamboo spine on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

basophilic nuclear remant in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophillic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

boot shaped heart on x-ray

A

tetralogy of fallot, RVH

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20
Q

branching gram positive rods withsulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

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22
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

HPT or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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23
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atropy

A

chagas diseas (trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

cellular crescents in bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

chocolate cyst of ovary

A

endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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26
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

homer-wright rosettes (neuroblasoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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27
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

cystic fibrois (AR mutation in CFTR gene -> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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28
Q

Decrease AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

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29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

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30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia Nigra

A

Parkinson dieseas (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, restin tremor, brady kinesia)

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31
Q

Desquamated epithelium cast in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

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32
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasisa

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)}

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33
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

owl eyes apperance of CMV

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34
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei

A

Orpahn ANNie eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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35
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver diesease)

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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39
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray mater of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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40
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions owel eyes

A

REed sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

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41
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller duval bodies (yolk sac tumor

42
Q

Hair on end (crew cut) appearance on x-ray

A

B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

43
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

44
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

45
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infection mononucleosis (EBV)

46
Q

hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystal in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals:eosinophilic granules)

47
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT; PE, DIC

48
Q

HIlar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (1 TB)

49
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

Interstial pulmonary fibrosis

50
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

51
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms

52
Q

HTN, hypkalemia, metabolick alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome

53
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hg sometimes present)

54
Q

Increase AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (Neural tube defect)

55
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, leschh-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

56
Q

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

57
Q

iron containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of mesothelioma)

58
Q

keratin pears on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

chediak-higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

60
Q

lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

61
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

62
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

63
Q

lumpy bumpy apperanace of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b

64
Q

lytic hole punched bone lesions on x-rays

A

multiple myeloma

65
Q

mammary gland (blue domed) cyst

A

fibrocystic change of the breast

66
Q

monoclonal anrtibody spike

A

-multiple myeloma (usually IgG and IgA)
-Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
-Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis

67
Q

mucin filed cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

68
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-rau

A

string sgn (crohn diease)

69
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing

A

granulomatosis with poly angiitis (wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrain antibodies)

70
Q

Needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

71
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

72
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staph. Epidermidis; resistant: staph. saprophyticus

73
Q

Nutmeg appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

74
Q

onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)

75
Q

Optochin Response

A

sensitive: strept. pneumoniae; resistant: viridans strept

76
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangles on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing Sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

77
Q

Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome

78
Q

Protein aggreatates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and pick bodies (Pick Disease)

79
Q

psammoma bodies

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

80
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

81
Q

RBC cast in uring

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

82
Q

rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

83
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

84
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma Gondii, CNS lymphoma

85
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages (starry sky histology)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t8:14, c-myc activation, associated with EBV; Black sky made up of malignant cells)

86
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

87
Q

Soap bubble in femur of tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

88
Q

Spikes on basement membrane “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

89
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

90
Q

Stipple vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (gardnerella vaginalis)

91
Q

tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

92
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Line of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

93
Q

Thumb sign on lateral x ray

A

Epiglottis (H. influenzae)

94
Q

thryoid like apperance of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

95
Q

tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

96
Q

triglyceride accumultion in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

97
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end stage renal disease

98
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

99
Q

WBCs that look smudged

A

CLL (almost always B cells)

100
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillry appearnce on light microscopy

A

lupus nephropathy

101
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

102
Q

rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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