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FA Step 1 Rapid Review > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere Ab

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane Ab

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis+hemopysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone Ab

A

drug induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG Ab

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflamm, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial Ab (AMA)

A

1 biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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7
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCAs)

A

vasculitis (cANCA: Wegener’s; pANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss syndrome)

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8
Q

Antinuclear Ab (ANA; anti-Smith or anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet Ab

A

ITP: immune thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase Ab

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, wt loss)

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12
Q

Apple core lesions on ab x ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually on L)

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13
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods (AML, esp M3 type)

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14
Q

Bacitraicin response

A

Sensitive: Group A Strep (pyogenes)

Resistant: Group B Strep (agalactiae)

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15
Q

Bamboo spine on x ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (assoc with HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to asplenia)

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBC

A

Pb poisoning, or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on lumbar puncture

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

Boot shaped heart on xray

A

RVH (ex: Tetralogy of Fallot)

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20
Q

Branching G+ rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

pancoast tumor (can cause Horner’s)

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22
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

hyperPTH or osteitis fibrosa cystica

hemosiderin laden Macrophages cause brown color

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (T. cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
Q

Chocolate cysts of ovary

A

Endometriosis (bilateral)

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26
Q

Circular group of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

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27
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis

AR mutation to CFTR; get fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs

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28
Q

Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

chromosomal abnormality (ex: Down syndrome)

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29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis)

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30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease

basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

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31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

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32
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-thecal cell tumor of ovaries)

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33
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells wth nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

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34
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions

A

Owl’s eye (CMV)

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35
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary CA of thyroid)

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36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver dz)

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37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy bodies (Parkinson’s dz)

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38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

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40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s dz)

41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with promient inclusions (owls eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

42
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

43
Q

hair on end (crew cut) appearance on x ray

A

B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

44
Q

elevated hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole

45
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

46
Q

Heterophile anitbodies

A

EBV-mononucleosis

47
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma

Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules

48
Q

Hi level of D-dimers

A

DVT/PE; DIC

49
Q

Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (1 TB)

50
Q

honeycomb lung on x ray

A

interstitial fibrosis

51
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate)

52
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Fe deficient anemia, lead poison, thalassemia

53
Q

Hi a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, neural tube defects

54
Q

Hi uric acid levels

A

gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop+thiazide diuretics

55
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

type A Cowdry bodies (HSV or CMV)

56
Q

Fe-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruuginous bodies (asbestosis: hi chance for mesothelioma)

57
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Cediak-Higaski disease (congenital failure of phagosome-lysosome fusion)

58
Q

Lead pipe colon on x ray

A

Ulcerative Colitis (loss of haustra)

59
Q

Linear deposits on glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Goodpasture’s

lines the GBM evenly, not clumped!

60
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)

61
Q

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

PostStreptococcal glomerulonephritis (type III HS; IgG and C3b deposits)

62
Q

Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x ray

A

Multiple myeloma

63
Q

Mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst

A

Fibrocystic changes of the breast

64
Q

monoclonal Ab spike

A

multiple myeloma (M spike; IgG or A)
MGUS (normal aging)
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia (IgM)
Primary amyloidosis

65
Q

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

A

Bence-Jones protein (multiple myeloma; kappa or lambda light chains in urine)

Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia (IgM)

66
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric CA); bilateral mets to ovaries (Krukenberg tumor)

67
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

A

String sign (Crohn’s disease)

68
Q

Needle shaped, negative birefringent crystals

A

gout (MSU crystals)

69
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

70
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staph epidermidis

Resistant: Staph saprophyticus

71
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver (R CHF)

72
Q

Onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

73
Q

optochin response

A

Sensitive: Strep pneumo

Resistant: Viridans Strep

74
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creates triangular area

A

Codman’s angle on xray (osteosarcoma usually)

75
Q

Podocyte fusion on EM

A

Minimal change disease (nephrotic; kids)

76
Q

Polished, ivory like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (OA resulting in bony sclerosis)

77
Q

Prteoin aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

Neurofibrilary tangles (Alzheimer’s dz)

Pick’s bodies (Pick’s disease)

78
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain bx

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

79
Q

RBC cast in urine

A

acute glomerulonephritis

80
Q

Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

81
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

82
Q

Rhomboid crystals, + birefringence

A

Pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

83
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

84
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii

85
Q

Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells (starry sky appearance)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, assoc with EBV; dark sky is malignant cells)

86
Q

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s dz: progressive demetia, changes in personality)

87
Q

Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x ray

A

giant cell tumor of bone (usu benign)

88
Q

Spikes on GBM, dome like subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nehprotic syndrome)

89
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma, hi ESR)

90
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)

91
Q

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

92
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus. layers of platelets/RBCs)

93
Q

Thumb sign on lateral x ray

A

Epiglottitis (H. influenza)

94
Q

Thyroid like appearance of kidney

A

chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

95
Q

Tram track appearance on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

96
Q

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

97
Q

smudged WBCs

A

CLL (B cell in elderly)

98
Q

Wire loop glomerular appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

99
Q

Yellow CSF

A

Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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