Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid Rapid Review > Classic Labs and Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs and Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis:

c-ANCA: Wegener’s (WeCener’s);

p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A);

Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B);

“BBRAS”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs IMAGE

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Boot-shaped heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Brown tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Cali-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl’s-eye appearance of CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma ofthe thyroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

41
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

42
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

43
Q

Hair-on-end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

A

Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

44
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

45
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (Rheumatic fever)

46
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

47
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions IMAGE

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

48
Q

High level of D-dimers

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

49
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (Primary TB :Mycobacterium bacilli)

50
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray

A

Interstitial fibrosis

51
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia: B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms “No forgetting with folate deficiency.”

52
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)

53
Q

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

54
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

55
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

56
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

57
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

58
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

59
Q

Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

60
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

61
Q

Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

62
Q

Lytic (“hole-punched”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

63
Q

Mammary gland (“blue-domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

64
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA) 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenstrom’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia 4. Primary amyloidosis
65
Q

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine

A

Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (lgM)

66
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

67
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph

A

String sign (Crohn’s disease)

68
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

69
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

70
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

71
Q

Nutmeg appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver clue to right heart failure (The image in the UL corner is a nutmeg.)

72
Q

Onion-skin periosteal reaction (white arrows)

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor); Ewing sarcoma of femur. Frontal radiograph and lateral radiographs of the femur demonstrate mottled, osteolytic lesion (blue circle) with poorly marginated edges in the diaphysis of the bone. There is sunburst periosteal reaction (red circle) and lamellated periosteal reaction (white arrows).

73
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Resistant: Viridans streptococcus “OVeRPaSs”

74
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman’s triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

75
Q

Podocyte fusion on EM

A

Minimal change disease/Nil disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) This is minimal change disease (MCD) which is characterized by effacement of the epithelial cell (podocyte) foot processes and loss of the normal charge barrier such that albumin selectively leaks out and proteinuria ensues. By light microscopy, the glomerulus is normal with MCD. In this electron micrograph, the capillary loop in the lower half contains two electron dense RBC’s. Fenestrated endothelium is present, and the basement membrane is normal. However, overlying epithelial cell foot processes are effaced (giving the appearance of fusion) and run together.

76
Q

Polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

77
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s disease and CJD)

78
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme; This glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) demonstrates marked cellularity with marked hyperchromatism and pleomorphism. Note the prominent vascularity as well as the area of necrosis at the left with neoplastic cells palisading around it.

79
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

80
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

81
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

82
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

83
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

84
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii

85
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (“starry sky” appearance on histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8:14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

86
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s disease) and Pick’s bodies (Pick’s disease).

87
Q

Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

88
Q

Spikes on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

89
Q

Stacks of red blood cells

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

90
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis); “I don’t have a clue why I smell fish in the vagina garden.” - First Aid

91
Q

Tennis-racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

92
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

93
Q

Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

94
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

95
Q

Tram-track appearance on LM

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

96
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

97
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)

98
Q

Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM

A

Lupus nephropathy “Wire loop-us.”

99
Q

Yellow CSF

A

Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

First Aid Rapid Review (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions