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General Chemistry - MCAT > Class Three > Flashcards

Class Three Flashcards

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1
Q

key property of a physical change

A

no intramolecular bonds are broken - only affects intermolecular forces

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2
Q

temperature is a measure of the amount of internal ___ energy

A

kinetic

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3
Q

kinetic energy of molecules directly affects its ____

A

phase

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4
Q

the higher the average kinetic energy..

A

the higher its entropy

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5
Q

fusion phase change

A

solid → liquid

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5
Q

fusion phase change

A

solid → liquid

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6
Q

crystallization phase change

A

liquid → solid

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7
Q

sublimation phase change

A

solid → gas

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8
Q

deposition phase change

A

gas → solid

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9
Q

heat of transition

A

amount of energy required to complete a phase transition

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10
Q

heat of transition formula

A

q = n x change in H

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11
Q

1 cal =

A

4.2 J

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12
Q

when a substance absorbs or releases heat, 1 of 2 things can occur..

A

either temperature changes OR it will undergo a phase change

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13
Q

heat capacity formula

A

q = mc(change in T)

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14
Q

what is a substance’s specific heat

A

intrinsic property → tells us how resistant it is to changing temperature

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15
Q

during a phase transition.. (temp)

A

the temperature of the substance does not change

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15
Q

during a phase transition.. (temp)

A

the temperature of the substance does not change

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16
Q

triple point

A

the temperature & pressure at which all 3 phases exist in equilibrium

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17
Q

critical point

A

marks the end of the liquid-gas boundary

after this, substances display properties of liquids & gases aka supercritical fluid

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18
Q

what makes water special

A

denser in liquid form vs solid

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19
Q

increasing pressure on ice..

A

turns into liquid (ice skating)

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20
Q

what is vapour pressure

A

force exerted by the gas particles

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21
Q

boiling point is when..

A

vapour pressure = atmospheric pressure

22
Q

why do the molecules of gas essentially take up no colume

A

they’re so small compared to the space in between them

23
Q

what defines the pressure of a gas

A

the collisions of the molecules with the walls of the container

24
Q

kelvin to celsius

A

C + 273 = K

25
Q

pascal to atm

A

100 kPa = 1 atm

26
Q

atm to torr

A

1 atm = 760 torr

27
Q

ideal gas law formula

A

PV = nRT

28
Q

Charle’s law

A

if pressure is constant, gas will expand when heated & contract when cooled

volume is proportional to temperature

29
Q

Boyle’s law

A

if temperature is constant, as volume decreases → pressure increases

volume and pressure are inversely related

30
Q

combined gas law formula

A
31
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

equal pressure, volume and temp = then the two have the same # of particles

32
Q

main assumptions for kinetic-molecular theory (2)

A

particles of an ideal gas experience no intermolecular forces

volume of individual particles of an ideal gas can be ignored compared to the volume of the gas container

33
Q

what equation is used for real gases (do not behave as ideal gases)

A

van der Waals equation

34
Q

van der Waals formula

A
35
Q

when does the deviation from ideal gas law become more pronounced

A

with gases with stronger intermolecular forces

36
Q

what makes a good ideal gas

A

low molecular weight & weak intermolecular forces

37
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

A

total pressure is the sum of partial pressures of all the gases in a mixture

38
Q

what is effusion

A

the escape of a gas molecule through a tiny hole

39
Q

Graham’s law of effusion

A

where r = rate of effusion

and M = molar mass

40
Q

what is rms

A

average speed of molecules

41
Q

avg kinetic energy and temp relationship

A

they are directly proportional

42
Q

the solvent is usually..

A

water

43
Q

what is a strong electrolyte

A

something that will dissociate 100%

44
Q

van’t Hoff factor

A

number of particles produced in a solution per mole of substance

45
Q

how do electrolytes dissociate into water

A

agitation (endo) → dissociation (endo) → solvation (exo)

46
Q

how do polar non-electrolytes dissociate in water

A

agitation → solvation

47
Q

how do non-polar non electrolytes dissociate in water

A

it doesn’t lol

48
Q

unsaturated solution

A

concentration is less than solubility

49
Q

saturated solution

A

concentration = solubility

50
Q

supersaturated solution

A

concentration is greater than solubility

51
Q

when is solubility indirectly proportional to temp

A

gas solutes in water

52
Q

always soluble electrolytes in water

A

group 1 ions, H+, NH+. NO3-

53
Q

not soluble electrolytes in water

A

transition metals

PO4-

General Chemistry - MCAT (6 decks)

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