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General Chemistry - MCAT > Class Four > Flashcards

Class Four Flashcards

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1
Q

what do kinetics tell us about spontaneity

A

nothing

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2
Q

what is a step intermediate

A

substance that is produced in one step and consumed in another

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3
Q

rate determining step

A

slowest step in a process that determines the overall reaction

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4
Q

rate of reaction

A

how fast reactants are being consumed or how fast products are being formed

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5
Q

3 things reaction rate is determined by

A

how frequently the reactant molecules collide

the orientation of the colliding molecules

their energy

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6
Q

what is the activation energy

A

minimum energy required of reactant molecules for the reaction to proceed to products

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6
Q

what is the activation energy

A

minimum energy required of reactant molecules for the reaction to proceed to products

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7
Q

energy maximum of a reaction coordinate diagram

A

transition state

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8
Q

the lower the AE, the ___ the reaction rate

A

faster

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9
Q

the greater the conc. of reactants, the ___ the reaction rate

A

faster

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10
Q

the higher the temp of reaction, the ____ the reaction rate

A

faster

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11
Q

what does a catalyst do

A

accelerates a reaction by lowering the AE

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12
Q

do catalysts affect equilibrium

A

no

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13
Q

rate law is usually given as..

A

the rate at which reactant disappears

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14
Q

what is included in the rate law expression

A

only stuff that is involved in the rate determining step (slow step)

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15
Q

first order rate law is seen in..

A

unimolecular elementary steps

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16
Q

second order rate law is seen in..

A

bimolecular elementary steps

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17
Q

when a reaction is at equilibrium..

A

the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction

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18
Q

if keq < 1

A

reaction favours reactants

19
Q

if keq = 1

A

reaction has equal amounts of reactants and products

20
Q

if keq > 1

A

reaction favours the products

21
Q

if Q is less than keq

A

reaction will proceed in the forward direction

22
Q

if Q is greater than keq

A

reaction will proceed in the reverse direction

23
Q

if the volume is reduced (pressure increases) so..

A

reaction favours the side with the smaller number of moles

24
Q

if the volume is increased (pressure decreases) so..

A

reaction favours the side with more moles

25
Q

lowering temperature favours ____ reactions

A

exothermic

26
Q

raising temperature favours _____ reactions

A

endothermic

27
Q

what are electrolytes

A

free ions in solution (from when ionic substances dissolve)

28
Q

example of nonelectrolytes

A

covalent compounds

29
Q

what does the van’t Hoff factor tell us

A

how many ions one unit of substance will produce in a solution

30
Q

van’t Hoff factor for most biomolecules

A

1

31
Q

solubility of solids in liquids ___ with increasing temp

A

increases

32
Q

solubility of gases in liquids ____ with increasing temp

A

decreases

33
Q

solubility of gases in liquids _____ with increasing pressure

A

increases

34
Q

what salts are soluble in water (5)

A

group 1 salts

ammonium salts

nitrate, perchlorate & acetate salts

35
Q

what salts are insoluble in water (3)

A

silver, lead and mercury salts

36
Q

if Qsp < Ksp

A

more salt can be dissolved

37
Q

if Qsp = Ksp

A

solution is saturated

38
Q

if Qsp > Ksp

A

excess salt will precipitate

39
Q

what is a complex ion

A

complex ions consist of metallic ions surrounded by Lewis bases

40
Q

thermodynamics and eq formula

A

delta Go = -RTlnkeq

41
Q

if delta Go < 0 and keq > 1

A

products are favoured at equilibrium

42
Q

if delta Go = 0 and keq = 1

A

products & reactants are present in equal amounts

43
Q

if delta Go > 0 and keq < 1

A

reactants are favoured at equilibrium

44
Q

what does k depend on

A

temperature

45
Q

what does q depend on

A

concentration and temperature

General Chemistry - MCAT (6 decks)

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