Class Test 1 Flashcards
Cell Structure and Functions, Cell organelles, Plasma membrane I & II
Respiration of Prokaryotes
Aerobic and Anaerobic
What is the cell wall is made of ?
Murein (peptidoglycan)
What is the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol ?
Cytoplasm is the jelly like substance containing all the contents inside the cell membrane , except for the nucleus. The cytosol is the intracellular fluid not including the cell’s contents
S number of Ribosome
70 S
Role of the capsule
Slime layer, stops bacteria from drying out, prevents viral infections and is useful for adhesion
What are plasmids ?
Small circular loops of DNA
Flagella made of
Protein fibers called flagellin
T/F: Does pili help with cell conjugation (exchange of plasmids)
True
DNA is known as
Blue print of life
Why is the cell membrane called the Fluid Mosaic Model ?
Fluid because individual phospholipids and proteins can move side to side within the layer as if it’s a liquid.
Mosaic because of the pattern the protein molecules produce when the membrane is viewed from above.
Polar heads are made of ? Nonpolar tails are made of ?
1) PO4 group + glycerol
2) Fatty acid
What does the fluid mosaic model describe or illustrate ?
It describes the cell membrane as a tapestry of several types of molecules that are constantly moving.
What is the ratio between the solute and the solvent in a hypertonic solution ?
solute > solvent
What does plasmolysis lead to ?
Flaccidity
Cytolysis is a result of
Hypotonic solution
The steeper the concentration gradient the ______ the rate of diffusion.
faster
What is the shape of an isotonic cell ?
Biconcave disk
Osmosis is the diffusion of____.
water
Pores used in osmosis
Aquaporins
Microfilaments are made up of _____ protein . Microtubules are made up of _____ protein.
1) Actin
2) Tubulin
T/F: The two types of microfilaments are actin and cordial.
False. Actin and Intermediate
Microtubules make up:
cilia , flagella , spindle fibers
An example of where microfilaments are:
Skeletal Muscle
Another name for the Golgi apparatus is :
“Delivery System of the Cell”
What does the CIS face do ?
What does the TRANS face do ? (Golgi Apparatus)
CIS: Receives
TRANS: Delivers
What are the two types of transfer proteins ?
Channel and Carrier
Most common form of Endocytosis:
Pinocytosis
What are two organelles that have their own DNA ?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Site of protein synthesis is
Rough ER
T/F: Active transport moves molecules along(down) the concentration gradient
False. Against the concentration gradient.
Phagocytosis is
a)cell drinking
b)cell eating
B) cell eating
What is the action potential of the sodium-potassium pump ?
+35
Give 2 examples of molecules that are transported by Receptor-Mediated endocytosis.
Hormones, cholesterol, ligase, legumes
What kind of energy does Simple Diffusion use ?
Natural Kinetic Energy
What are the 2 types of proteins ?
Peripheral and Integral.
How does cholesterol benefit the cell ?
Cholesterol is a type of steroid. It maintains the stability of the cell membrane and helps in regulating molecules entering and exiting the cell.
Hoes do carbohydrates benefit the cell ?
It is a major recognition site and attaching site for pathogens.
What material can easily pass through the plasma membrane ?
Lipids
What is the site for cellular respiration ?
Mitochondria
T/F: The chloroplast, mitochondria, ribosome, and nucleus all have a double membrane.
False. The ribosome is NOT membrane bound.
T/F: The nucleolus is non dividing.
True
T/F:A prokaryotic cell has 4 chromosomes.
False. It has one strand of DNA called “naked DNA” because it is free in the cytoplasm.
T/F: The human liver cells produce a large amount of protein.
True
What are the 2 types of ribosomes ?
Free ribosome and Bound ribosome.
The eukaryotic cell is how many svedberg unit (S) ?
80
How does the mitochondria get its DNA ?
It’s maternary (from your mom) inherited
What are the enzymes found in lysosomes ?
Hydrolytic enzymes
T/F: The nucleus , Mitochondria, and plasmids have their own DNA.
True
What makes meat feel slimy ?
Glycocalyx
Turgid cell membrane
Hypotonic
Flaccid cell
Hypertonic
Interlocking plasma membrane cells bind cells through_______.
Junctions (cell talking)
The 7 functions of the plasma membrane are:
1)Protective barrier
2)Regulate transport in & out of cell (selectively permeable)
3) Allow cell recognition
4) Provide anchoring sites for filaments of cytoskeleton
5) Provide a binding site for enzymes
6) Interlocking surfaces bind cells together (junctions)
7)Contains the cytoplasm (fluid in cell)
