Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUB 101 > Chemical Composition of the Cell , Cells to Organs > Flashcards

Chemical Composition of the Cell , Cells to Organs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the smallest unit of a compound ?

A

Molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of inorganic compounds ?

A

Water, Sodium Chloride , CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is one compound that contains the element carbon that can’t be broken down by the body, state why.

A

Carbon Dixoide, because if it’s broken down into CO the human will die right away.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is one compound that contains the element carbon that can’t be broken down by the body, state why.

A

Carbon Dixoide, because if it’s broken down into CO the human will die right away.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are carbohydrates made of ? 1 gram of Carbohydrates gives how many cal of heat ?

A

C-H-O, 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Another name for startch

A

Complex carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do plants use startch for ?

A

To store excess energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another name for epithelial tissue ?

A

Carry-bag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 7 functions of the epithelial tissue ?

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filteration, diffusion, sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue illustartes the simple biological principal “structure closely correlates with function”

A

Glandular Epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

**1) What are the ducted glands and what do they secrete ?
2) What are the ductless glands and what do they secrete ?

A

1)Exocrine. Enzymes
2)Endocrine. Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gives examples of the locations of the 4 epithelial cells.

A

1)Squamous(simple) –> Cheeks
2)Cuboidal–> Bronchioles
3)Columner –> Bronchioles
4)Transitional –> Bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the molecular formula of monosachrides(sugar) and give the molecules.

A

CnH2nOn. Glucose, Fructose, Galactose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is one of the main sources of calories and what makes them speical ?

A

Glucose. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and thus nourishes the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What links with glucose to form lactose ?

A

Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are monosachrides bonded by and what is the by product of the reactions ?

A

Glycosidic bonding. Water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

By what process is glucose stored and where ?

A

Glucose is stored through the process of glycogenesis and is stored in the liver as glycogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which monosachride takes part in cellular respiration ?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the molecular formula for disaccharides(sugar) ?

A

C12H22O11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are monosachrides joined to become disacchrides ?

A

By dehydration or condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is multose, lactose, and sucrose made of ?

A

1)Glucose + Glucose
2)Glucose + Galactose
3)Glucose + Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are oligosacchrides ?

A

Small chains of galactose molecules: galacto-oligosacchride (complex carbohydrate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the three epithelial tissue junctions and their functions?

A

1)Tight: prevent leaks
2)Gap: connect abutting cytoplasms
3)Adhering(door hinge): cement cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 6 functions of connective tissue ?

A

1)Bindsstructures together
2)Forms the framework and support for the organs
3)Stores fat
4)Transport
5)Protects against disease
6)Repairstissue damage

25
Q

What are the 2 basic components of connective tissues ?

A

Cells and extracellular fibers

26
Q

What is the difference between the speicialized and proper tissues?

A

Proper tissues are found in every cell , whereas specialized tissues are not.

27
Q

What are the two types of proper connective tissues and their locations?

A

1)Loose, under the skin, most epithelia
2)Dense, tendons,skin,kidney capsule

28
Q

Sub categories of loose and dense

A

Loose–> areolar
Dense–> elsatic anf fibrous (ligaments b to b, tendons b to m)

29
Q

What are the functions of the connective tissue proper ?

A

Support and Elasticity

30
Q

What is the most abundunt carbhohydrate ?

A

Polysacchrides

31
Q

Give 4 examples of polysacchrides.

A

Cellulose, chitin, startch, glycogen

32
Q

Where are polysacchrides found?

A

Potatoes , rice, wheat , and maize

33
Q

T/F: Some lipids are hormones

A

True

34
Q

1g of lipid give____cal of heat

A

9

35
Q

What are lipids made of ?

A

1 glycerol(alcohol) + 3 fatty acids(hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group)

36
Q

What are amino acids joined by?

A

peptide bonds

37
Q

tWhat are the elements that make up proteins ?

A

C,H,O,N,S

38
Q

What are the macromloecules of protein ?

A

Carboxyl group, variable R , amine group

39
Q

What is mad cows disease a prodcut of ?

A

Prions

40
Q

What are the 3 common connective tissue cells ?

A

Fibroblast, macrophage, mast cell

41
Q

What are the 4 types of speicilaized connective tissues ?

A

1)Cartilage, cells are chondrocytes
2)Adipose
3)Blood, RBC , WBC, plasma , platelets
4)Bone(Osseos), osteocytes (spingy tissue & compact tissue)

42
Q

Long and slender muscle cells are known as

A

Muscle Fibres

43
Q

How are muscle tissues arranged ?

A

Arranged in bundles/layers surrounded by connective tissue.

44
Q

What are the 2 muscle proteins ?

A

Actin and mysoin

45
Q

Describe skeletal muscle tissue

A

1)voluntary
2)cylindrical
3)multinucleated
4)Striated

46
Q

Describe Smooth muscle tissue

A

1) involuntary
2) cells are spindle shaped
2) single nucleus
3) lack striations
4) found in hollow organs
5) Function: prpoulsion of substances along passage ways

47
Q

Describe cardiac muscle tissue

A

1)involuntary
2)has branching fibres
3)one nucleus
4)striations
5)intercalated discs (cells are fused together at plasma membrane)

48
Q

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions ?

A

By lowering the energy of activation

49
Q

Efficancy of the enzymes depends on

A

pH and temp

50
Q

What substances assist enzymes ?

A

1)Cofactors: minerals
2)Coenzymes: vitamins

51
Q

What elements make up nucleic acids ?

A

C,H,O,P,N

52
Q

What are the polymers of nucleotides ?

A

1) phosphate group
2) Nitrogenous base
3) 5-carbon sugar

53
Q

Another name for the RNA that resides in the nucleus is

A

Heterogenous RNA

54
Q

What fraction of our body is made up of water ?

A

2/3

55
Q

Where is the nervous tissue found ?

A

Brain , spinal cord, nerves

56
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nervous tissue ?

A

1)Stimultes muscle contractions
2)Creates awarness of the environment
3)Plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning

57
Q

What is the difference between neuroglia and neurons ?

A

Neuroglia –> nonconducting and nurtures the neurons
Neurons–> condcuting cells

58
Q

What are the 7 parts of a neuron ?

A

Dendrties, nuclues, cyton, myelin sheath, schwann’s cells, node of ranvier, axon terminals

59
Q

What are the 10 body systems ?

A

1)Nervous
2)Respiratory
3)Digestive
4)Urinary
5)Reproductive
6)Integumentary
7)Endocrine
8)Immune
9)Msucular&Skeletal
10)Circulatory

HUB 101 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions